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Armchair Academics
Germany
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 11 พ.ย. 2019
Armchair Academics is an independent educational video production company that specializes in making entertaining, informational video essays and mini-documentaries on social scientific topics. Our content is published on and made freely available through TH-cam, as well as the channel’s official website. Armchair Academics exists to provide general audiences - and potential or current undergraduate students in the social sciences - with easy-to-understand, entertaining videos that demonstrate how social scientists approach and answer essential questions regarding culture, religion, and society.
Become a subscriber and help us promote social scientific literacy!
The host, Alexander K. Smith, holds a PhD in the anthropology of Tibet and the Himalayas from the University of Paris (EPHE - PSL) and a Master's in Tibetan and Himalayan Studies from the University of Oxford.
Become a subscriber and help us promote social scientific literacy!
The host, Alexander K. Smith, holds a PhD in the anthropology of Tibet and the Himalayas from the University of Paris (EPHE - PSL) and a Master's in Tibetan and Himalayan Studies from the University of Oxford.
The Tibetan Buddhist Renaissance | An Animated History
How did Tibetan Buddhism become one of the dominant religious and political forces in medieval Central Asia? And how did Tibetan society recover from the disastrous fall of the Tibetan Empire to emerge as one of Asia's great centers of Buddhist learning and culture?
The "Tibetan Renaissance" refers to a period of roughly 250 years (950-1200) during which Tibetan society underwent a profound religious and political transformation, emerging from the dark ages following the collapse of the Empire to become a patchwork of vibrant Buddhist kingdoms and aristocratic estates. This episode takes us on an animated journey through the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries, focusing on the decline of Buddhism in India, the rise of the Sarma schools of Tibetan Buddhism, and the incredible political and religious revival that took place during the Tibetan Renaissance.
The writer and director of the series, Dr. Alexander K. Smith, holds a PhD in Tibetan and Himalayan history from the University of Paris, France, and an MA from Oxford University.
This episode was co-produced by Tibet House US, which is a fantastic organization that promotes Tibetan cultural causes across the US. If you live in North America and are interested in learning more about Tibetan cultural events, you can check them out and learn more at: thus.org/.
To learn more about the history of Buddhism and Tibet, check out our series on the rise and fall of the Tibetan Empire:
Watch episode one, "The Rise of the Tibetan Empire" th-cam.com/video/WZJSKTRwDAI/w-d-xo.html
Watch episode two, "The Golden Age of the Tibetan Empire" th-cam.com/video/pDmX9kVvG44/w-d-xo.html
Watch episode three, "The Fall of the Tibetan Empire" th-cam.com/video/PBFhfcOqw_g/w-d-xo.html
Please consider supporting our work on Patreon so that we can make more content like this in the future: www.patreon.com/armchairacademics
Buy the maps featured in this episode and other original artwork from our merch store: armchairacademicsstore.com/
Follow us on Instagram for regular project updates: animatedhistoryoftibet
Western-language Works Cited
Below you'll find a number of the major secondary sources that we used in writing this episode. There are, however, a significant number of historical articles, book chapters, and primary Tibetan-language sources that have also contributed to our understanding of the Renaissance period. Due to limited space (TH-cam only gives you 5,000 characters!), these are not referenced below. If you are interested in learning more about Tibetan history, I recommend visiting our Patreon where you will find expanded reading lists and annotated bibliographies for each episode (none of which are paywalled and are all free to use). The complete reading list for this episode will be up on Patreon shortly!
Davidson, Ronald M. 2005. Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture. Columbia University Press.
Davidson, Ronald M. 2002. Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social history of the Tantric Movement. Columbia University Press.
Kapstein, Matthew T. 2000. The Tibetan Assimilation of Buddhism: Conversion, Contestation, and Memory. Oxford University Press.
Kapstein, Matthew T. 2006. The Tibetans. Blackwell Publishing, pp.84-110.
Schaeffer, Kapstein, and Tuttle (eds). 2013. Sources of Tibetan Tradition. Columbia University Press, pp. 168-190.
Schaik, Sam van. 2011. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press.
Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D. 2010. Tibet a Political History. Paljor Publications.
Smith, Warren W., Jr. 1996. Tibetan Nation: A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations. Westview Press.
0:00 The geopolitical position of Tibet in the 10th century
2:00 The rise of the Kingdom of Guge-Purang
3:00 Religious reforms during the reign of Yeshe O
3:55 Trade, translation projects, and cultural exchange with Indian Buddhism
5:36 Indian Buddhist leaders begin to teach and form followings in Tibet
5:59 The decline of Buddhism in India
6:54 Religious revival on the Tibetan Plateau
7:52 How the Renaissance changed Tibetan society
8:50 Schisms form and new sects begin to emerge
9:44 Credits and Patreon plug
#animatedhistory #history #tibet
The "Tibetan Renaissance" refers to a period of roughly 250 years (950-1200) during which Tibetan society underwent a profound religious and political transformation, emerging from the dark ages following the collapse of the Empire to become a patchwork of vibrant Buddhist kingdoms and aristocratic estates. This episode takes us on an animated journey through the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries, focusing on the decline of Buddhism in India, the rise of the Sarma schools of Tibetan Buddhism, and the incredible political and religious revival that took place during the Tibetan Renaissance.
The writer and director of the series, Dr. Alexander K. Smith, holds a PhD in Tibetan and Himalayan history from the University of Paris, France, and an MA from Oxford University.
This episode was co-produced by Tibet House US, which is a fantastic organization that promotes Tibetan cultural causes across the US. If you live in North America and are interested in learning more about Tibetan cultural events, you can check them out and learn more at: thus.org/.
To learn more about the history of Buddhism and Tibet, check out our series on the rise and fall of the Tibetan Empire:
Watch episode one, "The Rise of the Tibetan Empire" th-cam.com/video/WZJSKTRwDAI/w-d-xo.html
Watch episode two, "The Golden Age of the Tibetan Empire" th-cam.com/video/pDmX9kVvG44/w-d-xo.html
Watch episode three, "The Fall of the Tibetan Empire" th-cam.com/video/PBFhfcOqw_g/w-d-xo.html
Please consider supporting our work on Patreon so that we can make more content like this in the future: www.patreon.com/armchairacademics
Buy the maps featured in this episode and other original artwork from our merch store: armchairacademicsstore.com/
Follow us on Instagram for regular project updates: animatedhistoryoftibet
Western-language Works Cited
Below you'll find a number of the major secondary sources that we used in writing this episode. There are, however, a significant number of historical articles, book chapters, and primary Tibetan-language sources that have also contributed to our understanding of the Renaissance period. Due to limited space (TH-cam only gives you 5,000 characters!), these are not referenced below. If you are interested in learning more about Tibetan history, I recommend visiting our Patreon where you will find expanded reading lists and annotated bibliographies for each episode (none of which are paywalled and are all free to use). The complete reading list for this episode will be up on Patreon shortly!
Davidson, Ronald M. 2005. Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture. Columbia University Press.
Davidson, Ronald M. 2002. Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social history of the Tantric Movement. Columbia University Press.
Kapstein, Matthew T. 2000. The Tibetan Assimilation of Buddhism: Conversion, Contestation, and Memory. Oxford University Press.
Kapstein, Matthew T. 2006. The Tibetans. Blackwell Publishing, pp.84-110.
Schaeffer, Kapstein, and Tuttle (eds). 2013. Sources of Tibetan Tradition. Columbia University Press, pp. 168-190.
Schaik, Sam van. 2011. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press.
Shakabpa, Tsepon W. D. 2010. Tibet a Political History. Paljor Publications.
Smith, Warren W., Jr. 1996. Tibetan Nation: A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations. Westview Press.
0:00 The geopolitical position of Tibet in the 10th century
2:00 The rise of the Kingdom of Guge-Purang
3:00 Religious reforms during the reign of Yeshe O
3:55 Trade, translation projects, and cultural exchange with Indian Buddhism
5:36 Indian Buddhist leaders begin to teach and form followings in Tibet
5:59 The decline of Buddhism in India
6:54 Religious revival on the Tibetan Plateau
7:52 How the Renaissance changed Tibetan society
8:50 Schisms form and new sects begin to emerge
9:44 Credits and Patreon plug
#animatedhistory #history #tibet
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wow, Mead looked old for 38 0:29
Which is why the social sciences aren't science.
Question: When did Songdetsen become an emperor?
Hey there! It's not entirely clear. A lot of popular accounts have it that he took the throne in 618; however, some specialists in Dunhuang sources, like Prof. Brandon Dotson, argue that he was enthroned in 612. That's from Dotson's book "The Old Tibetan Annals: An Annotated Translation of Tibet's First History". Keep in mind when Songtsen Gampo was born there was no official written language, so the record is a bit patchy but becomes more precise towards the end of his reign.
Edit: I should add that ^^ that's when he became the recognized patriarch and head of the Yarlung Dynasty, but the question of when the Tibetan empire 'began' is a bit more open to interpretation. For my part, I would argue that the annexation of Zhang Zhung (644/645) is the first period when we can justifiably refer to Tibet as an imperial state. But you could just as easily argue that it happens towards the beginning of his reign, or even later during the conquests and territorial consolidation of the so-called "Mgar supremacy" following Songtsen Gampo's death.
Great! Thank you!!!
You have given CT a whole lot my insight than I do. I look at it as a bad thing, that the Communist unreleased on the world and we are still dealing with the propaganda from it.
U ate with this ngl. Well Done!!!
Tibet was never historically part of China and even imperial archives from Yuan, Ming & Qing dynasties prove it. The official maps of each empire show Tibet outside of & separate from China.
Great video! The quality is great, keep this up 👍
Thank you! 👍
Very insightful. Thank you!
Also explain the origin of Balti and Ladakh people, from the Tibet
dont know what i want to do with my life, this really helped me narrow it down. thank you
The feminist postcolonial perspective is completely absent to this video. As it is the sexualized bodies of the colonial subjects even in some of the films discussed in the video. For a film to decolonize the spectators gaze it needs to flip the colonial script and representation alone is not always enough to justify a movie as postcolonial.
Hi! Any readings on Postcolonialism and higher education?
I m Bhutanese and desendent of Tibetan king from Lhasey Tsangma. A Tibetan prince in exile who settled in Bhutan .9th century, Thank u for the great content.
You're most welcome! Very glad that you're enjoying it!
New Discourses's channel has videos that can add greatly to understanding this topic.
🙏🏼🌈 Thankyou for inviting questions. >>> i would love to know when was the height of the creation and use of (( sky caves)) in Nepal/ Tibet.
Hey there! Sorry that it took me so long to get to this one. It's a great question and I actually have a number of former colleagues that were on the team that conducted the first serious work on the shaft tombs in Mustang. I've never been myself, I'm afraid, and many of the shaft-tomb sites, which are sometimes colloquially called 'sky caves', (including the major necropolis discovered in Samdzong in 2009) have never been fully excavated. So there are quite a few unknowns. However, the C-14 and AMS dating that they've done, in combination with various bone and tooth samples collected from Samdzong, suggest that the sites were active from the early 5th century AD to the late 9th century, arguably reaching an apex in the 7th century. There's quite a bit of accessible literature written on the site. If you're not an archaeologist or anthropologist, the most accessible is probably written by Mark Altenderfer; however, if you can parse some academic jargon, there's great (more recent) work done on the necropoli in Mustang by Giovanni Massa, Marcos Martinón-Torres, and my former classmate Samara Broglia (who's currently leading a major French-funded dig in the region).
@ many thanks ~ i really appreciate your thoughtful response and the general idea of centuries ~ i wanted to place at least when people would have been there; in whatever capacity. Again, many thanks. ( i had recurring outside of time experience of being in one ~ from young childhood thru til about 43 yrs. i was there, then would pop back and never did it come to the level of talking about it.
Total BS. One day, when these kids have finally realized that they have destroyed their own country, America, and over 200 years of progress, they will find themselves living like cavemen. Most will probably continue to blame others for their fallen situation.
It's communism, an utterly vile and putrid ideology of death! NOTHING that comes from communism is good, nothing!!!
After that fall, they were mostly a puppet state of the Mongols and Chinese empires there after.
Like in any marxist theory there always the problem of the HOW. It seems and can't be more obvious to see the effects of the elitism on masses, like in critical theory, but how we undo it is almost impossible or never being well executed, thought or have a proper social future construction to propose. It seems inevitable that, over time, these counter-argument will force the society to get gradually works into a more fair way but it's pretty much try and fails and being constantly repressed by the people in power. Over time, mass movements will occurs in time of huge inequalities and revolutions will counter it and implement some real social changes that will make this oppression fade away but there's always the problem of the self-made man who think he's genius and greedy af and won't share. It's mostly an intellectual morale problem. THEY are the problem. THEY don't want to share. THEY have a idealistic selfish view of the world and get the intellectual force to rally other power around them to force the masses to live into despair and never ending crisis.
Amazing work... Loved the animation and your narration. Being a tibetan it's such a pleasure to relive our ancestors lives. Thank you
Thanks so much! It really means a lot us. We'll have one more episode out before the end of the year -- a big one on the 13th and 14th centuries. If you catch it when it's out, we'd love to hear your thoughts.
I have a question. So i've found several sources attributing Parsons to the functionalist theoretical family, and it seems you place him under the social action theoretical family. Is there a context i'm missing :-)?
Anticolonialist: - we attacked, enslaved and colonized our neighboring countries: let's not talk about that - we were attacked by western countries and lost: my pride is hurt, I invent postcolonial theory. Such big win 😊
In school right now for my Masters in clinical social work and your videos are saving my tail.
Happy to hear it! Good luck with your degree!!
what are you saying? (my brain isn't braining)
My problem with it is that it is called a theory, which in scientific terms describes the reality to highest degree of confidence. I don't see anything in critical theory that makes it a theory. It should all be hypothesis that ought to be corrobarated by data. I don't think school is making people docile and passive. Most of the material in school is fundamental stuff that huminaty learned through the ages. Math, language, biology, geology etc. it is just not feasible to teach 20 - 30 people with everybody questioning everything all the time. Becaus what should be tought in schools shoiuld be accepted theories. e.g. Theory of Evolution etc. There is no reason to doubt that at the level of the school. Futher scientific inquiry should be commended and fostered by seeking out education outside of school. One option is to follow a career path in higher education, of course that is just one option.
Independent Tibet 🙏🏻
Good jop
Check out this amazing and descriptive lecture on postcolonalism, Race and Ethnicity in cultural studies in hindi , covering important topics like History of race and ethnicity , Critical Race Theory (CRT) ,Edward Said’s Orientalism , Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s Can the subaltern speak?,Homi K. Bhabha’s Hybridity: , Stuart Hall’s "New Ethnicities": ,Ethnic Representation in Media: and other important concepts and theories th-cam.com/video/H-xC7SXLwgM/w-d-xo.htmlsi=FznFBkIZDg08gTXg 💕✨
Very educational video on the real story of Tibetan History. A pity I find the abdominable pronunciation of Sanskrit words and names of characters. A little preparation or consultation of aSanskrit professor would add to the authenticity of the narrative. Greeting from a Sanskrit student The Netherlands.
Hey there! Thanks for the comment -- and for the constructive criticism, as well. It's noted and I'll run Sanskrit terms and names past colleagues in the field for future episodes. Thanks for watching!
Restoring Empire Tibet !
Restoring Empire Tibet !
wonderful work indeed! it is quite rare in my experience to see an in depth documentary regarding tibet; the tibetan empire on youtube, but this one truly ‘hits the spot!’ :)
Thanks so much!
བོད་བཙན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སླར་གསོ་བྱ་དགོས། Restoring Empire Tibet !
Where is gone padma samvhawa role?
Hey there, thanks for posting. We cover the role of Padmasambhava as a historical figure in the second episode "The Golden Age of the Tibetan Empire" (th-cam.com/video/pDmX9kVvG44/w-d-xo.html).
You have an amazing channel; I am grateful to have found it!
Thanks so much!
A question about the graphic design, per the modern use of the prayer wheel, the prayer wheel used today is spun clockwise with the instruction of spinning the wheel counter clockwise as incorrect, and possibly, harmful. Was the graphic animation of the spinning prayer wheel in Padmasambhava's hand a specific historic reference to a prayer wheel that was to be spun counterclockwise?
Thanks for posting! That's a great question. To be honest - and I hate to say it - but the counter-clockwise spinning here is a very frustrating mistake on my part (this is Alex, by the way, the writer/director). You're 100% correct that, normally, prayer wheels should be spun clockwise and not counterclockwise. In general, we strive for a high level of cultural fidelity in our artwork and, at the time of writing, the issue you highlighted is probably my most significant oversight as a director on the series. We tend to catch errors like that in the early stages of production. In addition to myself (MA/PhD in Tibetan studies), we work with a cultural consultant, who generally catches issues like that before they become a problem. Due to time pressures, however, we weren't able to screen the sequence for our consultant and I failed to notice the error before it was too late. In any case, thanks again for posting. It's wonderful when viewers comment on culturally-grounded elements in the artwork like that. Knowing that people are keeping on eye on the material culture of the series is great motivation for us to continue striving to produce culturally faithful artwork (within the limitations our budget, of course!).
Only thing that seems mixed up with this story is it was Nepali princess Bhrikuti who brought Buddhism & Buddha statue with her to Tibet. She also brought monks with her to teach Buddhism in her new home.
Thank you for video
Thanks for posting! If you check out the rest of the series, I hope you enjoy the work!
किराँत को धर्म गुरु विद्वानको भनाइ अनुसार राई लिम्बु र सुनुवारको मुधुम भित्र किराँत छैनन् भनेर घोषण गरेको पाइन्छन् । बास्तबमा घले राजाको इतिहासमा एलङ्दर ग्याल्दङ् घले लाई उधोली र उभोलिमा बेलुकी मुन्दुङ्मा भेडाको साठ् बलि दिदै आएको हाम्रो पित्री संस्कार परम्परा छ। आज भोलि बागमतीमा घले तामाङ र नेवार बस्ती भएको हिसाबले पनि राजा एलम्पर घले राजा भएको अनुमान् गर्न सकिन्छ । गण्डकी प्रदेश र बागमती प्रदेशमा घले राजाहरुको शासन थियो। कर्णालीमा खस्न राज्री थियो। पुर्बमा किराँत राज्य थियो।
Critical theory influenced teaching for pre university pupils has been a complete disaster. A student needs to learn the knowledge and skills first in a disciplined environment before they can then apply a meaningful critique. It is for universities not schools. The schools need to teach them the basics first and these traditional methods work very well. Children are chaotic and need structure in order to mature into psychologically stable adults who are then capable of learning complex philosophical concepts without losing their minds to unhinged ideology. Leaning to run before one can walk never was a good Idea.
Far to many people i know see tibet and mongolia and the step cultures as just other asian cultures but they were as different from chinese cultures and south asian cultures as Europeans were too african and native north American cultures. Being close to someone does not mean u have to share culture with them and tibet is one of my favorite cultures to learn about because its very different than most other ancient cultures ive studied.
Most underrated channel
"Geography of thought. Why Asians think differently and why", by Richard Nisbett
I’d like to see evidence that anybody on the sensible right ever said anything like “being exposed to non-Western ideas will inevitably corrupt students and destroy Western Civilization.” Without evidence of that I’ll conclude that the professors comment was a little ridiculous. What the right likely does say is that post-colonialism is a Marxist theory and therefore intent on destroying the West with, for one thing, one sided critiques that assume white people never did any good in the world (despite massive amounts of evidence to the contrary) and that non-white people never caused any harm (despite massive amounts of evidence to the contrary.)
Brad Pitt should do a propaganda movie called "Freedom from Tibet's tyranny."
There wasn't a Tibetan Empire whatsoever. Because the total Tibetan population in Tibet is just over 3 million at present. Probably only half a million, many hundred years ago. Just a very small kingdom ruled by monks on a big and hostile high ground at best, definitely not an empire, LOL
The Qing was not chinese, it was manchu. Chinese were slaves for much of their history.
Tibetan population is 7.7 million…….some researchers says it was even higher in 7th CE before monastic system came and many became monks
thank a lot for this east to understand video..!
Communism is not a folk idea it does not arise naturally generosity based communism does anything by Fiat does not