วีดีโอ

Nice work. Very informative. Keep it up.

TH-cam recommended this to me out of the blue, and so I figured I'd watch it just to see what it is. I still don't know what is going on, but I wanted to leave a comment saying you should keep doing what you're doing. Have a wonderful day!

Great. Keep it up.

**Storm Drainage** is a crucial aspect of urban infrastructure designed to manage and redirect excess rainwater or stormwater to prevent flooding, waterlogging, and erosion in built environments. Proper storm drainage systems are essential for protecting public health, infrastructure, and the environment, particularly in areas prone to heavy rainfall or storm events. ### **Key Components of a Storm Drainage System:** 1. **Surface Drainage:** - **Gutters and Curbs:** Channels along the edges of roads and streets that collect rainwater and direct it to the storm drain inlets. - **Storm Drains/Inlets:** Openings, usually found along roadsides, that collect surface water and channel it into underground pipes. - **Catch Basins:** Recessed areas near storm drains that trap debris, preventing it from entering the drainage pipes. 2. **Subsurface Drainage:** - **Stormwater Pipes:** Underground pipes that carry stormwater from catch basins and inlets to larger drainage systems or outfall points. - **Culverts:** Structures that allow water to flow under roads, railways, or other barriers, typically carrying stormwater from one side of an obstruction to the other. - **Retention Ponds:** Man-made basins that temporarily store excess stormwater, allowing it to slowly infiltrate the ground or be released into natural water bodies. - **Detention Basins:** Similar to retention ponds but designed to hold stormwater temporarily before releasing it at a controlled rate. 3. **Outfall Structures:** - **Outfalls:** Points where stormwater is discharged from the drainage system into natural water bodies such as rivers, lakes, or oceans. - **Overflow Channels:** Pathways that provide an alternative route for stormwater to be safely released when the primary system reaches capacity. 4. **Green Infrastructure:** - **Bioswales:** Landscape elements designed to filter and absorb stormwater, often lined with vegetation. - **Permeable Pavements:** Surfaces that allow water to infiltrate through the ground, reducing runoff and aiding groundwater recharge. - **Rain Gardens:** Planted depressions that capture and absorb runoff from impervious surfaces like roofs and driveways. - **Green Roofs:** Roofs covered with vegetation that absorb rainwater, provide insulation, and reduce runoff. 5. **Stormwater Management Facilities:** - **Stormwater Treatment Facilities:** Systems designed to remove pollutants from stormwater before it is released into the environment. - **Flood Control Structures:** Dams, levees, and weirs used to manage water levels and control the flow of stormwater in large drainage systems. ### **Functions and Importance of Storm Drainage:** - **Flood Prevention:** Storm drainage systems mitigate the risk of urban flooding by efficiently channeling excess water away from roads, buildings, and other infrastructure. - **Erosion Control:** Proper drainage prevents soil erosion, which can lead to the degradation of landscapes, infrastructure damage, and sedimentation in water bodies. - **Water Quality Protection:** By directing stormwater to treatment facilities or allowing it to filter through green infrastructure, storm drainage systems help reduce pollutants entering natural water bodies. - **Urban Health and Safety:** Effective storm drainage minimizes waterlogging, which can lead to mosquito breeding, road hazards, and damage to property. - **Groundwater Recharge:** Green infrastructure components like permeable pavements and rain gardens help to replenish groundwater levels by allowing stormwater to infiltrate the soil. ### **Challenges in Storm Drainage:** - **Urbanization:** Increasing impervious surfaces like roads and buildings reduce natural infiltration, leading to higher volumes of runoff that must be managed by storm drainage systems. - **Climate Change:** More frequent and intense rainfall events due to climate change strain existing storm drainage systems, requiring upgrades and expansions to handle increased stormwater volumes. - **Pollution:** Stormwater runoff can carry pollutants such as oil, chemicals, and debris into drainage systems, necessitating measures to protect water quality. - **Aging Infrastructure:** Many cities have old and inadequate storm drainage systems that need modernization to cope with current and future demands. ### **Storm Drainage Design Considerations:** - **Capacity:** Systems must be designed to handle peak stormwater flows during heavy rainfall events to prevent flooding. - **Maintenance:** Regular inspection and maintenance are essential to keep drainage systems functioning effectively, including clearing debris from catch basins and repairing damaged pipes. - **Sustainability:** Incorporating green infrastructure and low-impact development practices can enhance the sustainability of storm drainage systems by reducing runoff, improving water quality, and promoting groundwater recharge. - **Integration with Other Utilities:** Storm drainage systems must be carefully integrated with other urban utilities, such as water supply, sewage, and electricity, to avoid conflicts and ensure coordinated urban planning. Storm drainage systems are vital for managing the impacts of rainfall in urban areas, protecting both human life and the environment from the adverse effects of stormwater runoff. Proper design, maintenance, and upgrading of these systems are crucial for building resilient and sustainable cities.

**Landscape** refers to the visible features of an area of land, including its physical elements such as mountains, hills, water bodies, vegetation, and human-made structures. It also encompasses the ways in which these elements are arranged and the overall appearance they create. Landscapes can vary widely depending on geographic location, climate, and human activity. ### **Key Components of a Landscape:** 1. **Natural Elements:** - **Terrain:** The shape and elevation of the land, including mountains, valleys, plains, and plateaus. - **Water Bodies:** Rivers, lakes, streams, oceans, and other water features that are part of the landscape. - **Vegetation:** Forests, grasslands, shrubs, and other plant life that cover the land. - **Soil and Rocks:** The ground materials, including different types of soil and rock formations. 2. **Human-Made Elements:** - **Buildings and Structures:** Houses, bridges, roads, and other constructions that alter the natural landscape. - **Agricultural Fields:** Cropland, orchards, and pastures that modify the natural environment for food production. - **Parks and Gardens:** Designed and maintained green spaces that combine natural and artificial elements. 3. **Cultural and Historical Features:** - **Monuments and Landmarks:** Historical structures, statues, or natural formations that have cultural significance. - **Land Use Patterns:** How the land is utilized, including urban areas, rural settlements, and industrial zones. - **Infrastructure:** Transportation networks, utilities, and other services that support human activities. 4. **Ecological Aspects:** - **Biodiversity:** The variety of living organisms in the landscape, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. - **Ecosystems:** Interactions between living organisms and their physical environment within the landscape. - **Climate:** The long-term weather patterns that influence the appearance and function of the landscape. 5. **Aesthetic and Perceptual Qualities:** - **Visual Appeal:** The beauty or attractiveness of the landscape, which can be influenced by color, texture, and form. - **Sense of Place:** The emotional or cultural significance that people associate with a particular landscape. - **Views and Vistas:** The viewpoints from which a landscape can be observed, contributing to its aesthetic value. ### **Types of Landscapes:** - **Natural Landscapes:** These are areas largely untouched by human activity, such as wilderness areas, mountains, and forests. - **Urban Landscapes:** Landscapes dominated by human-made structures, including cities, towns, and industrial areas. - **Rural Landscapes:** Areas primarily used for agriculture, with a mix of natural and human-made features. - **Cultural Landscapes:** Landscapes that have been shaped by human activity over time, reflecting cultural practices, traditions, and historical events. ### **Landscape Design and Management:** - **Landscape Architecture:** The profession focused on designing outdoor spaces to achieve environmental, social, and aesthetic outcomes. This includes planning parks, gardens, and urban spaces. - **Sustainable Landscape Management:** Practices aimed at maintaining and enhancing the landscape while minimizing environmental impact, such as using native plants, conserving water, and preserving natural habitats. - **Restoration Ecology:** Efforts to restore damaged or degraded landscapes to their natural state, often involving the reintroduction of native species and the rehabilitation of ecosystems. ### **Importance of Landscapes:** - **Environmental Health:** Landscapes play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, supporting biodiversity, and regulating climate. - **Cultural Identity:** Landscapes are often deeply connected to cultural heritage and can be symbols of national or regional identity. - **Recreation and Well-being:** Natural and designed landscapes provide spaces for recreation, relaxation, and connection with nature, contributing to human well-being. - **Economic Value:** Landscapes can contribute to economic activities such as tourism, agriculture, and real estate. Understanding and appreciating landscapes involve recognizing the complex interplay between natural forces and human activities, as well as the cultural and ecological significance of different types of landscapes.

A Reclaimed Water Network is a system designed for the collection, treatment, distribution, and reuse of wastewater. The primary purpose of this network is to conserve water resources by treating wastewater to a level that makes it safe for non-potable uses such as irrigation, industrial processes, and landscape maintenance. This is especially important in regions facing water scarcity. ### **Key Components of a Reclaimed Water Network:** 1. **Wastewater Collection:** - **Sewer Lines:** Pipes that collect wastewater from homes, businesses, and industrial facilities and transport it to treatment plants. - **Pump Stations:** Facilities that help move wastewater through the network, especially in areas where gravity flow is insufficient. 2. **Wastewater Treatment Plants:** - **Primary Treatment:** The initial stage of treatment where large solids are removed from the wastewater through screening and sedimentation. - **Secondary Treatment:** Biological processes are used to remove organic matter and reduce the number of harmful microorganisms. - **Tertiary Treatment:** Advanced treatment processes that further purify the water by removing nutrients, chemicals, and any remaining pathogens. This stage often includes filtration, disinfection (e.g., chlorination or UV treatment), and sometimes advanced techniques like reverse osmosis. 3. **Storage and Distribution:** - **Storage Tanks:** Facilities where treated water is stored before being distributed for reuse. - **Reclaimed Water Pipelines:** A network of pipes that distribute treated water to various end-users. These pipelines are typically color-coded (often purple) to distinguish them from potable water lines. - **Pump Stations:** Similar to those in wastewater collection, these stations help to maintain pressure and flow in the reclaimed water distribution system. 4. **End-Use Applications:** - **Irrigation:** Treated water is used for agricultural fields, golf courses, parks, and landscaping in urban areas. - **Industrial Use:** Factories and industrial plants use reclaimed water for cooling systems, process water, and other non-potable purposes. - **Toilet Flushing:** In some regions, reclaimed water is used for flushing toilets in commercial buildings and residential complexes. - **Environmental Enhancement:** Reclaimed water is sometimes used to maintain wetlands, recharge aquifers, or enhance stream flows. 5. **Monitoring and Control Systems:** - **SCADA Systems:** Used for monitoring and controlling the network in real-time, ensuring efficient operation and prompt response to issues. - **Flow Meters and Sensors:** Devices installed throughout the network to monitor the flow rate, water quality, and pressure, ensuring the safety and reliability of the reclaimed water supply. 6. **Regulatory Compliance:** - **Quality Standards:** Reclaimed water must meet specific quality standards set by regulatory agencies to ensure it is safe for its intended use. - **Permitting and Reporting:** Operators must obtain permits and regularly report on water quality and system performance to ensure compliance with environmental regulations. ### **Functions of a Reclaimed Water Network:** - **Water Conservation:** By reusing treated wastewater, the demand for freshwater resources is reduced, conserving them for more critical uses. - **Sustainable Water Management:** Provides an alternative water source that can be reliably used during droughts or in regions with limited water supplies. - **Environmental Protection:** Reduces the amount of wastewater discharged into natural water bodies, thereby decreasing pollution and helping to protect ecosystems. - **Cost Savings:** Reclaimed water can be a more cost-effective solution for non-potable uses, reducing the need for expensive potable water. A Reclaimed Water Network is a critical component of sustainable water management strategies, especially in areas where water scarcity is a significant concern. It allows communities to make the most of their water resources by turning wastewater into a valuable asset.

An Electrical Network refers to an interconnected system designed for the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical power. It includes a variety of components that work together to deliver electricity from power plants to end-users, such as homes, businesses, and industries. ### **Key Components of an Electrical Network:** 1. **Power Generation:** - **Power Plants:** Facilities where electricity is generated, typically using sources such as fossil fuels (coal, natural gas), nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, wind, or solar energy. - **Generators:** Machines that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy in power plants. 2. **Transmission System:** - **Transmission Lines:** High-voltage power lines that transport electricity over long distances from power plants to substations. - **Substations:** Facilities that step down high-voltage electricity to lower voltages using transformers, making it suitable for distribution. - **Transformers:** Devices that change the voltage of electricity, either stepping it up for transmission or stepping it down for distribution. 3. **Distribution System:** - **Distribution Lines:** Lower voltage power lines that deliver electricity from substations to consumers. - **Distribution Transformers:** These reduce the voltage of electricity further before it reaches homes and businesses. - **Switchgear:** Equipment that controls and protects the electrical network by managing the flow of electricity and isolating faults. 4. **Utilization:** - **Service Lines:** The final connection that delivers electricity to consumers’ premises. - **Meters:** Devices that measure the amount of electricity consumed by an end-user. 5. **Control Systems:** - **SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition):** A system used for real-time monitoring and control of the electrical network. - **Protection Systems:** Devices such as circuit breakers and relays that protect the network from faults and ensure safe operation. 6. **Renewable Energy Integration:** - **Solar Panels/Wind Turbines:** Distributed energy resources that can generate electricity locally and feed it into the grid. - **Energy Storage Systems:** Batteries or other storage technologies that store excess electricity for use during peak demand or when generation is low. 7. **Grid Management:** - **Load Balancing:** The process of ensuring that the supply of electricity matches the demand at all times. - **Demand Response:** Programs that adjust consumer electricity usage based on grid conditions to ensure stability. ### **Functions of an Electrical Network:** - **Reliability:** Ensuring a continuous and stable supply of electricity to all connected users. - **Efficiency:** Minimizing energy losses during transmission and distribution. - **Safety:** Protecting the network and users from electrical faults and hazards. - **Scalability:** The ability to expand the network to accommodate new users and generation sources. - **Integration of Renewables:** Managing the inclusion of renewable energy sources into the grid without compromising stability. An Electrical Network is essential for modern life, powering homes, businesses, and industries, and enabling the operation of essential services and infrastructure.

An Electrical Network refers to an interconnected system designed for the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical power. It includes a variety of components that work together to deliver electricity from power plants to end-users, such as homes, businesses, and industries. ### **Key Components of an Electrical Network:** 1. **Power Generation:** - **Power Plants:** Facilities where electricity is generated, typically using sources such as fossil fuels (coal, natural gas), nuclear energy, hydroelectric power, wind, or solar energy. - **Generators:** Machines that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy in power plants. 2. **Transmission System:** - **Transmission Lines:** High-voltage power lines that transport electricity over long distances from power plants to substations. - **Substations:** Facilities that step down high-voltage electricity to lower voltages using transformers, making it suitable for distribution. - **Transformers:** Devices that change the voltage of electricity, either stepping it up for transmission or stepping it down for distribution. 3. **Distribution System:** - **Distribution Lines:** Lower voltage power lines that deliver electricity from substations to consumers. - **Distribution Transformers:** These reduce the voltage of electricity further before it reaches homes and businesses. - **Switchgear:** Equipment that controls and protects the electrical network by managing the flow of electricity and isolating faults. 4. **Utilization:** - **Service Lines:** The final connection that delivers electricity to consumers’ premises. - **Meters:** Devices that measure the amount of electricity consumed by an end-user. 5. **Control Systems:** - **SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition):** A system used for real-time monitoring and control of the electrical network. - **Protection Systems:** Devices such as circuit breakers and relays that protect the network from faults and ensure safe operation. 6. **Renewable Energy Integration:** - **Solar Panels/Wind Turbines:** Distributed energy resources that can generate electricity locally and feed it into the grid. - **Energy Storage Systems:** Batteries or other storage technologies that store excess electricity for use during peak demand or when generation is low. 7. **Grid Management:** - **Load Balancing:** The process of ensuring that the supply of electricity matches the demand at all times. - **Demand Response:** Programs that adjust consumer electricity usage based on grid conditions to ensure stability. ### **Functions of an Electrical Network:** - **Reliability:** Ensuring a continuous and stable supply of electricity to all connected users. - **Efficiency:** Minimizing energy losses during transmission and distribution. - **Safety:** Protecting the network and users from electrical faults and hazards. - **Scalability:** The ability to expand the network to accommodate new users and generation sources. - **Integration of Renewables:** Managing the inclusion of renewable energy sources into the grid without compromising stability. An Electrical Network is essential for modern life, powering homes, businesses, and industries, and enabling the operation of essential services and infrastructure.

A Sea Water Network typically refers to a system designed for the intake, distribution, and discharge of seawater, often used for various industrial, municipal, or environmental purposes. These networks are crucial in coastal regions where seawater is used for cooling processes in power plants, desalination, aquaculture, or even in fire suppression systems. Key Components of a Sea Water Network: Intake Structures: These are designed to draw seawater from the ocean. The design must consider marine life, sediments, and other factors to prevent blockages and environmental harm. Pumping Stations: Large pumps are used to move seawater through the network. These are usually located near the intake structure and may be distributed throughout the network. Pipelines: The seawater is transported via pipelines made from materials resistant to corrosion and marine growth. These pipelines connect the intake points to various usage points, such as industrial facilities or desalination plants. Distribution Systems: This includes valves, meters, and other controls to manage the flow of seawater to different areas of the network as needed. Outfall Systems: After the seawater has been used, it is often returned to the sea through outfall systems. These systems must be designed to minimize environmental impact, such as thermal pollution or chemical contamination. Treatment Facilities: In some cases, seawater may need to be treated before and after use to remove impurities or to ensure that it meets specific quality standards for its intended purpose. Sea Water Networks are essential in regions where freshwater is scarce, and they play a critical role in supporting industrial operations, municipal services, and environmental sustainability.

Oil and Gas

😥 "Promosm"

import arcpy, os arcpy.env.workspace = ws = r"D:\Muhammad Nadeem\Moh Nadeem Main Folder\786-Final Data\Final Work GDB" mxd_list = arcpy.ListFiles("*.mxd") for mxd in mxd_list: current_mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument(os.path.join(ws, mxd)) pdf_name = mxd[:-4] + ".pdf" arcpy.mapping.ExportToPDF(current_mxd, pdf_name) del mxd_list

# Pre-Loci Script Code import math def GetGeographicalDegrees(shape): radian = math.atan2(shape.lastpoint.y - shape.firstpoint.y, shape.lastpoint.x - shape.firstpoint.x) radian = radian - (math.pi /2 ) # turn minus 90° if (radian > 0): degrees = 360 - ( radian * 360) / ( 2 * math.pi ) else: degrees = 360 - ((2* math.pi + radian ) * 360) / ( 2 * math.pi ) return degrees # angle = GetGeographicalDegrees( !SHAPE! )

He'll Sir , How To run Automatically collect Pole Data

Great. Quite informative. 🙂👍

👍

👍🏻

GIS guru. 😊

Mr.Nadeem I appreciate your work. This will helps us alot

Superb, very informative

Ma sha Allah der mo miss kao tol

❤❤❤

Ma sha Allah maza yh okra kha tolo ta salamona kawa

Masha allha

Wow

❤❤❤❤

Aalaaa❤

Super video thank you❤🌹❤❤❤