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for an authentic Arduino, 5V won't break it if you mix up GND/5V/Vin. Servo is fine also with 5V mixup.

that's exactly what you should do! but you have 2 options. 1) if the voltage from the 3 cells (10.8) isn't too much for the servo, then yes plug the red servo wire right into the battery packs, and the ground to the esp. this will not damage it. 2) if the voltage is too much then connect the red wire directly to the output of the 7805, and again the ground to the esp.

yes, they are all fine. the voltage rating is the maximum. we are only using 5V. a switch is just a device that connects two wires together.

correct this is the basis for almost any device, buttons and switches. adding more would just be repeating this exact circuit and code. you have to add PINMODE for each pin you are using, and a separate circuit for each button/switch

yes, but you have to write PINMODE and DIGITALREAD separately for each pin. you need a separate resistor for each button otherwise one button could end up switching all of the pins HIGH. I work at CIJE and we develop STEM curriculum.

@@adamjerozolim800Thank you for the reply. Is there a limit on the number of switches you can use on 1 ground pin?

@@rufustoad1No, you can use as many as you like on the same ground pin, but each switch must have it's own resistor going to ground. each switch can be connected to the same 5V port. and each switch should go to a separate digital pin.

@@adamjerozolim800Thankyou Adam you have been very very helpful. Hope to see an few more videos for beginners!!

yes the resistor is called a pull-down because it pulls the digital pin (D2) down to ground (0 volts)

Glad it was helpful!

true but at this point the students haven't been introduced to capacitors, so that might be more confusing than a coding solution. both would work. with the cap it's harder to tweak the circuit for video games that require fast and frequent presses. with a coding solution you know exactly how many milliseconds you will have before you can press again

My pleasure!

yes. as long as the external power supply has enough power (voltage and current). in general, any 12v power supply should have enough. good luck!

yes it would, but my project assumes you no longer want to be connected to the computer. if you can still be by a computer then the USB plug is fine

best way to learn!

yes that's fine. just make sure the power supply is big enough. any 12v should be fine

all the grounds together. keep the positives separate. one positive to one servo, and nothing else.

you are correct. most computers usually shut down the port, especially Macs, but you can get back voltage into your computer. thanks!

It's the same specs. My red pins are just more 5V pins. My blue pins are just more ground pins. This board allows me to connect things easier. You would just have to expand out your 5V and ground pins using a breadboard.

It's not great. It only provides 0.7 amps for those servos. Just one of your servos is enough to draw all that current when fully loaded. That would not leave enough current for your other servo and the esp32. But...if the two servos are not doing much, like just waving around two popsicle sticks, you could probably get away with it as they won't be using much current.

you can. but if your servo is running even somewhat continuously the battery will die pretty quick. maybe after a few minutes. they do not contain a large amount of current. i would use that battery if lets say you wanted to open and close the door to a bird feeder once a day. thanks!

yes, to any motor of any type you are controlling from a microcontroller. motors and microcontrollers do not like sharing power supplies! this also allows you to provide higher voltages for your motors than the 3.6V the esp8266 runs on.

@@adamjerozolim800 omg thank you so mucccchhhhh, this might help meeee

@@adamjerozolim800 i will do this and put 2 sensors and lcd on the vin connection.

Should I put the negative pins of my sensors and lcd on the same ground of the servo and battery? Or should I put it on another gnd pin?

@@blancoffee9444 remember that the Vin pin will have whatever voltage is being used in the barrell jack. if it's a 12v power supply then the Vin pin will also have 12v and that could blow your sensors and LCD

the Arduino usb port contains 4 wires. 2 for communication with the computer, and 2 for powering the device (the Arduino). data can travel both ways, but power flows from the computer to the Arduino. this is true even if the Arduino IDE isn't open on your computer. the computer will still power the Arduino to run the last code that was uploaded. the only power output pins on the Arduino are the 5v and 3.3v pins. additionally, the Vin pin is generally used as an input, to power the Arduino. however, if powering the Arduino through the barrel jack, with let's say a 12v power adapter, that same power will be available at the Vin pin and can be used as an output to power another device. the Vin pin and barrel jack are directly connected.

good luck and glad to help!

@@adamjerozolim800 thank you 😁

this circuit would be perfect, you would have to do it separately for each of the 6 receiver/servo nanos.

depends on how active and large your servos are. will all 6 be running at the same time and continuously? then I would recommend a larger capacity battery.

you should buy a 6v-2amp power supply (about $8 on amazon) and plug it into the Arduino barrel jack. connect the V+ pin from the pca9685 to the Vin pin on the Arduino. the Vin pin on the Arduino has the full power of the barrel jack, allowing the PCA9685 to be powered from your power supply in the barrel jack. this way your entire project can run off of one plug.

should be ok. if they are running in unison or continuously I would probably upgrade to a 6xAA or a higher output power supply such as Lithium or NiMH rechargeable batteries.

amazing project! you should use 4xAA battery pack just for the servos. the positive should go to the red wires of the servos and the ground should go to Arduino ground. the ground of the servos should also go to Arduino ground. A separate 9V battery should go to Vin and ground on the Arduino board. this should keep everything running nice and smooth.

@@adamjerozolim800 Thanks sir we will try it out

And regarding the arduino... We've powered it using 9v through its barrel jack its still right?

@@carljoshuacadungog5233 yes correct

@@adamjerozolim800 hi, i have a similar problem, is it alright if i only use 2 AA batteries?

when a motor initially turns on there is a brief short circuit, this can draw all the current from the battery and reduce its voltage. Consequently, every time the motors turn on this will cause your Arduino to reset. More advanced batteries, such as LiPo and Li-Ion can output more current than standard off the shelf AA, providing the current for both the Arduino and motors at once. A fresh set of AA will also initially have enough current capacity. So if your motor is only being used sporadically then you might be ok, but if you are powering something continuous, like RC car wheels, from standard AA batteries, the current will quickly drop and the Arduino will start resetting.

@@adamjerozolim800 hey, of all the videos I've been watching yours explains it all so well with nice visuals. would be great to see more videos from ya! either way, thanks for making this one!

my eardrums have been ruptured

I think its Fritzing

Fritzing, although it's not free anymore. TinkCAD is a great free option.

To increase the voltage source put them in parallel to each other. You know to know your total load power needed to power your load, if total volts needed is 12 volts, get 12-13v supply. But you will also need to know the current neeeded

The necessary voltage is specified in your motor's datasheet. What is important is the current (intensity, represented in Ampères or more likely in mAh - milliampères). The more motors you have, the more current draw.