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"Artificial Intelligence & Agency," | Dr. Majid D. Beni interviews Dr. David Papineau
This is the second of several short interviews on AI and agency from Majid D. Beni of the Brains blog. We are fortunate to have Professor David Papineau join us. He is Professor of #PhilosophyOfScience at the Department of #Philosophy, King’s College London. His superb work encompasses a broad range of topics, from theories of representation, sensory experience, and #consciousness to #physicalism and #naturalism, #causality and #probability, #epistemology and realism. He is interviewed by Majid D. Beni.
Reading list:
Papineau, D. (2022). Swampman, teleosemantics and kind essences. Synthese, 200(6), 509.
Papineau, D. “Consciousness is Not the Key to Moral Standing” work in progress
Garson, J., & Papineau, D. (2019). Teleosemantics, selection and novel contents. Biology & Philosophy, 34(3), 36.
Godman, M., Mallozzi, A., & Papineau, D. (2020). Essential properties are super-explanatory: Taming metaphysical modality. Journal of the American Philosophical Association, 6(3), 316-334.
You can follow Dr. Majid D. Beni on ResearchGate: www.researchgate.net/profile/Majid_Beni
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"Thinking About Artificial Intelligence" | Dr. Majid D. Beni interviews Dr. Tim Crane
มุมมอง 865หลายเดือนก่อน
The rapid development of AI has reignited interest in fundamental questions of consciousness and agency. Previously confined to theoretical discourse, these issues now demand re-evaluation in light of AI’s burgeoning capabilities. In this context, the video investigates whether machines can achieve genuine thought and agency. Professor Tim Crane, a leading figure in the philosophy of mind, perc...
Explanation and Simplification in Science | Dr. Mazviita Chirimuuta (Part 4 of 4)
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Part 4 of 4 of Dr. Mazviita Chirimuuta's series about #Neuroscience explanations from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits...
Computational Models in Neuroscience | Dr. Mazviita Chirimuuta (Part 3 of 4)
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Part 3 of 4 of Dr. Mazviita Chirimuuta's series about #Neuroscience explanations from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits...
Mechanistic Explanation | Dr. Mazviita Chirimuuta (Part 2 of 4)
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Part 2 of 4 of Dr. Mazviita Chirimuuta's series about #Neuroscience explanations from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits...
What is Explanation in Neuroscience? | Dr. Mazviita Chirimuuta (Part 1 of 4)
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Part 1 of 4 of Dr. Mazviita Chirimuuta's series about #Neuroscience explanations from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits...
Interpreting Human Neuroscience Data | Dr. Russ Poldrack (Part 4 of 4)
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Part 4 of 4 of Dr. Russ Poldrack's series about #Measurement in #Neuroscience from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits. T...
Brain Decoding: Can fMRI read minds? | Dr. Russ Poldrack (Part 3 of 4)
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Part 3 of 4 of Dr. Russ Poldrack's series about #Measurement in #Neuroscience from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits. T...
Mapping Mind to Brain | Dr. Russ Poldrack (Part 2 of 4)
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Part N of N of Dr. Russ Poldrack's series about #Measurement in #Neuroscience from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits. T...
Measuring Brain Function | Dr. Russ Poldrack (Part 1 of 4)
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Part 1 of 4 of Dr. Russ Poldrack's series about #Measurement in #Neuroscience from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits. T...
Neuroscience's Impact on Folk Psychology | Dr. Carrie Figdor (Part 4 of 4)
มุมมอง 1548 หลายเดือนก่อน
Part N of N of Dr. Carrie Figdor's series about #FolkPsychology from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits. To learn more s...
The Relationship Between Folk Psychology and Neuroscience | Dr. Carrie Figdor (Part 3 of 4)
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Part 3 of 4 of Dr. Carrie Figdor's series about #FolkPsychology from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits. To learn more s...
Folk Psychology and the Brain | Dr. Carrie Figdor (Part 2 of 4)
มุมมอง 1238 หลายเดือนก่อน
Part 2 of 4 of Dr. Carrie Figdor's series about #FolkPsychology from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits. To learn more s...
The Basics of Folk Psychology | Dr. Carrie Figdor (Part 1 of 4)
มุมมอง 4068 หลายเดือนก่อน
Part 1 of 4 of Dr. Carrie Figdor's series about #FolkPsychology from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits. To learn more s...
What does memory do? | Dr. Felipe de Brigard (Part 2 of 3)
มุมมอง 2528 หลายเดือนก่อน
Part 2 of 3 of Dr. Felipe de Brigard's series about #memory and #imagination from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms-a pair of 5-minute explainers and six sets of deeper dives made via collaboration between @neuralmechanisms942 and @PhilosophyOfBrains with generous funding from the @templetonworldcharityfound4808 in partnership with @dukeuniversity and those listed in the video credits. To...
What is memory? | Dr. Felipe De Brigard (Part 1 of 3)
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What is memory? | Dr. Felipe De Brigard (Part 1 of 3)
What do we remember? | Dr. Felipe de Brigard (Part 3 of 3)
มุมมอง 2838 หลายเดือนก่อน
What do we remember? | Dr. Felipe de Brigard (Part 3 of 3)
Psychopathy and Moral Responsibility | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 5 of 5)
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Psychopathy and Moral Responsibility | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 5 of 5)
Moral Responsibility and Lack of Control | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 4 of 5)
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Moral Responsibility and Lack of Control | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 4 of 5)
Finding Consciousness After Brain Damage | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 3 of 5)
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Finding Consciousness After Brain Damage | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 3 of 5)
Unity of Moral Judgments | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 2 of 5)
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Unity of Moral Judgments | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 2 of 5)
Neural Underpinnings of Moral Judgments | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 1 of 5)
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Neural Underpinnings of Moral Judgments | Dr. Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Part 1 of 5)
Introduction to Neurophilosophy | Dr. Adina Roskies (Part 4 of 4)
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Introduction to Neurophilosophy | Dr. Adina Roskies (Part 4 of 4)
Can neuroimaging tell us about representations in the brain? | Dr. Adina Roskies (Part 3 of 4)
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Can neuroimaging tell us about representations in the brain? | Dr. Adina Roskies (Part 3 of 4)
Big questions in philosophy of neuroscience | Dr. Adina Roskies (Part 2 of 4)
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Big questions in philosophy of neuroscience | Dr. Adina Roskies (Part 2 of 4)
How do neuroscience and philosophy intersect? | Dr. Adina Roskies (Part 1 of 4)
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How do neuroscience and philosophy intersect? | Dr. Adina Roskies (Part 1 of 4)
Your Brain Did What? (Mereological Fallacies) | Short 2 of 2 | Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms
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Your Brain Did What? (Mereological Fallacies) | Short 2 of 2 | Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms
Libet's Challenge to Free Will | Short 1 of 2 from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms
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Libet's Challenge to Free Will | Short 1 of 2 from A Beginner's Guide To Neural Mechanisms
Free Energy Principle, Consciousness, Illusionism, and Realism | Brains Roundtable discussion
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Free Energy Principle, Consciousness, Illusionism, and Realism | Brains Roundtable discussion
Brains Blog Roundtable: Buddhism in Philosophy of Mind
มุมมอง 643ปีที่แล้ว
Brains Blog Roundtable: Buddhism in Philosophy of Mind

ความคิดเห็น

  • @ReverendDr.Thomas
    @ReverendDr.Thomas ปีที่แล้ว

    🐟 06. CONSCIOUSNESS/AWARENESS: Consciousness means “that which knows” or “the state of being aware”, from the Latin prefix “con” (with), the stem “scire” (to know) and the suffix “osus” (characterized by). There is BOTH a localized knowing and a Universal Awareness, as explicated in the following paragraphs. Higher species of animal life have sufficient cognitive ability to KNOW themselves and their environment, at least to a measurable degree. Just where consciousness objectively begins in the animal kingdom is a matter of contention but, judging purely by ethological means, it probably starts with vertebrates (at least the higher-order birds and fishes). Those metazoans which are evolutionarily lower than vertebrates do not possess much, if any, semblance of intellect, necessary for true knowledge, but operate purely by reflexive instincts. For instance, an insect or amphibian does not consciously decide to seek food but does so according to its base instincts, directed by its idiosyncratic genetic code. Even when a cockroach flees from danger, it is not experiencing the same kind of thoughts or feelings a human or other mammal would experience. The brain is merely a conduit or TRANSDUCER of Universal Consciousness (i.e. Brahman), explaining why the more intelligent the animal, the more it can understand its own existence (or at least be aware of more of its environment - just see how amazingly-complex dolphin and whale behaviour can be, compared with other aquatic species), and the reason why it is asserted that a truly enlightened human must possess a far higher level of intelligence than the average person. The processing unit of a supercomputer must be far larger, more complex and more powerful than the processor in a pocket calculator. Therefore, it seems logical to conclude that the scale of discrete (localized) consciousness is dependent on the animal's brain capacity. See Chapter 17 to understand the distinction between enlightenment and mere awakening. Three STATES of awareness are experienced by humans and possibly all other species of mammals: the waking state (“jāgrata”, in Sanskrit), dreaming (“svapna”, in Sanskrit), and deep-sleep (“suṣupti”, in Sanskrit). Beyond these three temporal states is the fourth “state” (“turīya” or “caturīya”, in Sanskrit). That is the unconditioned, eternal “state”, which underlies the other three. The waking state is the LEAST real (that is to say the least permanent, or to put it another way, the farthest from the Necessary Ground of Existence, as explained towards the end of this chapter). The dream state is closer to our eternal nature, whilst dreamless deep-sleep is much more analogous to The Universal Self (“brahman”), as it is imbued with peace. Rather than being an absence of awareness, deep-sleep is an awareness of absence (that is, the absence of phenomenal, sensual experiences). So, in actual fact, the fourth state is not a state, but the Unconditioned Ground of Being, or to put it simply, YOU, the real self/Self, or Existence-Awareness-Peace (“sacchidānanda”, in Sanskrit). Perhaps the main purpose of dreams is so that we can understand that the waking-state is practically indistinguishable to the dream-state, and thereby come to see the ILLUSION of this ephemeral world. Both our waking-state experiences and our dream-state experiences occur solely within the mental faculties (refer to Chapter 04 for an elucidation of this phenomenon). If somebody in one of your dreams were to ask your dream-state character if the dream was real, you (playing the part of that character) would most likely say, “yes, of course this is real!” Similarly, if someone were to ask your waking-state character if this world is real, you would almost undoubtedly respond in kind. An apt analogy for Universal Consciousness is the manner in which electricity powers a variety of appliances and gadgets, according to the use and COMPLEXITY of the said device. Electricity powers a washing machine in a very simple manner, to drive a large spindle for laundering clothes. However, the very same electrical power may be used to operate a computer to manifest an astonishing range of outputs, such as playing audiovisual tracks, communication tasks, and performing extremely advanced mathematical computations, depending on the computer's software and hardware. The more advanced/complex the device, the more complex its manifestation of the same electricity. Using the aforementioned computer analogy: the brain is COMPARATIVELY equivalent to the computer hardware, deoxyribonucleic acid akin to the operating system working in conjunction with the memory, the intellect is equivalent to the processing unit, individuated consciousness is analogous to the software programme, whilst Universal Awareness is likened to the electricity which enlivens the entire computer system. A person who is comatosed has lost any semblance of local consciousness, yet is being kept alive by the presence of Universal Consciousness. The fact that many persons report out-of-body experiences, where consciousness departs from the gross body, may be evidence for the above. So, then, following-on from the assertion made in the third paragraph, one could complain: “That's not fair - why can only a genius be enlightened?” (as defined in Chapter 17). The answer is: first of all, as stated above, every species of animal has its own level of intelligence on a wide-ranging scale. Therefore, a pig or a dog could (if possible) ask: “That's unfair - why can only a human being be enlightened?” Secondly, it is INDEED a fact that life is unfair, because there is no “tit for tat” law of action and reaction, even if many supposedly-great religious preceptors have stated so. They said so because they were preaching to wicked miscreants who refused to quit their evil ways, and needed to be chastized in a forceful manner. It is not possible to speak gentle words to a rabid dog to prevent it from biting you. There is evidence of Consciousness being a universal field, in SAVANT SYNDROME, a condition in which someone with significant mental disabilities demonstrate certain abilities far in excess of the norm, such as superhuman rapid mathematical calculation, mind-reading, blind-seeing, or astounding musical aptitude. Such behaviour suggests that there is a universal field (possibly in holographic form) from which one can access information. Even simple artistic inspiration could be attributed to this phenomenon. The great British singer-songwriter, Sir James Paul McCartney, one day woke with the complete tune of the song, “Yesterday”, in his mind, after hearing it in a dream. American composer, Paul Simon, had a similar experience when the chorus of his sublime masterpiece, “Bridge Over Troubled Water”, simply popped into his head. Cont...

    • @ReverendDr.Thomas
      @ReverendDr.Thomas ปีที่แล้ว

      In recent years, the term “CONSCIOUSNESS” has been used in esoteric spiritual circles (usually capitalized) to refer to a far more Homogeneous Consciousness (“puruṣa”, in Sanskrit), due to the fact that the English language doesn’t include a single word denoting the Universal Ground of Being (for instance “Brahman”, “Tao”, in other tongues). The word “Awareness” (capitalized) is arguably a more apposite term for this concept. The typical person believes that the apparatus which knows the external world is his mind (via the five senses), but more perceptive individuals understand that the mind itself is cognizable by the intellect. Wise souls recognize that the sense of self (the pseudo-ego) is the perceiver of their intellects, whereas awakened persons have realized that the true self/Self is the witness of ALL these temporal phenomena. The true self is synonymous with Consciousness, or with Infinite Awareness, or the Undifferentiated Unified Field (“Brahman”, in Sanskrit). The dialectic exercise in the following three paragraphs should help one to understand the nature of the fundamental conscious observer, that is, the ULTIMATE observer of all phenomena (i.e. the subject/Subject, which is the authentic self, as opposed to material objects): If one were to ask you whether you are the same person or individual you were at birth (or even at conception), you would probably respond in the affirmative. So, then, what PRECISELY is it about you which has remained constant since conception? In other words, what is the self-identity you had as an infant, which is the present “you”? It cannot be any part of your body or mind, since none of the atoms or molecules in your zygote body are extant, and “you” certainly did not possess a mind at conception. If you are reasonably intelligent, you may claim that your genome is the same now as it was then. However, it has recently been scientifically demonstrated that genetic code can (and usually does) change throughout an individual’s lifetime. Furthermore, nobody actively conceives of their essential nature being a bunch of genes! More intelligent souls would probably counter thus: “The thing which stays the same from my birth to the present time is my sense of self.” This too, is fallacious, since the sense of self does not emerge until at least a couple of years after birth. An infant has no ideation of itself as an individual actor. You may then say “I was a (male/female) human being” but that doesn’t specify any PARTICULAR human (you, yourself). So, then, what EXACTLY is it which remains “you” from conception till death? That is the “I am” which precedes any artificial sense of self. In other words, rather than saying “I am a man/woman/human/king/pilot/etc.”, simply the impersonal sense of “I am”. That is the true self, which is the Universal Self. Therefore, your essential nature is Cosmic Consciousness, usually called “God” by theists (see also Chapter 10). The Tao (The Reality [lit. The Way, The Path, or The Road]) which can be expressed in language is not the REAL Tao. All concepts are, by nature, relative, and at most, can merely point to the Absolute. That explains why some branches of theology use the apophatic method of discerning The Infinite (“neti neti”, [not this, not that], in Sanskrit). Also known in Latin as “via negativa” or “via negationis” theology, this philosophical approach to discovering the essential nature of Reality, gradually negates each description about Ultimate Reality, but not Reality Itself. Ultimate Reality (“Brahman”, in Sanskrit [from “bṛh” - lit. “Expansion”, in English]) alone is real - “real” in the sense that it is the never-mutable substratum of ALL existence. The wisest of the philosophers of ancient India distinguished the “real” from the “unreal” (“sat/asat”, in Sanskrit) by whether or not the “thing“ was eternal or ephemeral (cf. Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 1:3:28, Bhagavad-gītā 2:16, et altri). Gross material objects (such as one's own body) and subtle material objects (such as thoughts) are always changing, and therefore not “real”. REALITY is clearly seen by those self-realized persons who have experienced spiritual awakenings (which occur either spontaneously, or after a gradual process over many months or years), yet only intellectually understood by those who have merely studied spiritual topics (that is, those who have practiced one of the four systems of religion described in Chapter 16, but have yet to awaken to their essential nature). “If you remain as you are now, you are in the wakeful state. This is abolished in the dream state. The dream state disappears, when you are in deep sleep. The three states come and go, but you are always there. Your real state, that of Consciousness itself, continues to exist always and forever and it is the only Reality.” ************* “The ego is the identified consciousness. When the impersonal Consciousness identifies itself with the personal organism, the ego arises.” ************* “The only true meditation is the constant impersonal witnessing of all that takes place in one’s life as mere movements in the universal Consciousness.” ************* “Consciousness must first be there, before anything else can BE. All inquiry of the seeker of truth, must therefore, relate to this consciousness, this sense of conscious presence, which as such, has no personal reference to any individual.” ************* “Insofar as you keep watching the mind and discover yourself as its witness, nothing else can project itself on the screen of consciousness. This is so, because two things cannot occupy the attention, at the same moment.Therefore, delve within and find out where thoughts arise. Seek the source of all thought and acquire the Self-knowledge, which is the awakening of Truth.” ************* “Just as the difference between the space in a pot and the space outside it disappears when the pot is demolished, so also does duality disappear when it is realized that the difference between the individual consciousness and the Universal Consciousness does not in fact exist.” ************* “All there is, is consciousness. That is the Source from which the manifestation has come. ...And the mind is merely a reflection of that Consciousness.” ************* “All there is, is Consciousness, not aware of Itself in Its noumenal Subjectivity, but perceived by Itself as phenomenal manifestation in Its objective expression. If this is understood in depth, there is nothing more to be understood.” Ramesh S. Balsekar, Indian Spiritual Teacher. “As a man who has devoted his whole life to the most clearheaded science, to the study of matter, I can tell you as a result of my research about the atoms this much: There is no matter as such! All matter originates and exists only by virtue of a force which brings the particles of an atom to vibration and holds this most minute solar system of the atom together. We must assume behind this force the existence of a conscious and intelligent Spirit. This Spirit is the matrix of all matter.” ************* “I regard consciousness as fundamental. I regard matter as derivative from consciousness. We cannot get behind consciousness. Everything that we talk about, everything that we regard as existing, postulates consciousness.” Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, German Theoretical Physicist.

  • @SuperBooboohaha
    @SuperBooboohaha 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Interesting