#Meshed #المشهد #Khorasan
EN:
Mashhad (Persian: مشهد‎, romanized: Mašhad [mæʃˈhæd] ), also spelled #Mashad or #Meshed, is the second-most-populous city in Iran and the capital of #RazaviKhorasanProvince. It is located in the northeast of the country. It has a population of 3,001,184 (2016 census), which includes the areas of Mashhad #Taman and #Torqabeh. It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv to the east.
The city is named after the shrine of Imam Reza, the eighth #ShiaImam. The Imam was buried in a village in #Khorasan, which afterward gained the name Mashhad, meaning the place of martyrdom. Every year, millions of pilgrims visit the #ImamRezaShrine. The Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid is also buried within the same shrine.
Mashhad has been governed by different ethnic groups over the course of its history. The city enjoyed relative prosperity in the #Mongol period.
Mashhad is also known colloquially as the city of Ferdowsi, after the Iranian poet who composed the Shahnameh. The city is the hometown of some of the most significant Iranian literary figures and artists, such as the poet Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, and Mohammad-Reza Shajarian, the traditional Iranian singer and composer. #Ferdowsi and #AkhavanSales are both buried in Tus, an ancient city that is considered to be the main origin of the current city of Mashhad.
#AncientGreek sources mention the passage and residence of Alexander the Great in this land, which was called "Susia" (Ancient Greek: Σούσια), in 330 BC. The map of #TabulaPeutingeriana, which dates back to the early Roman era, names this city on the west of #Merv, #Alexandria, instead of #Susia. #Pliny the #Elder, says there is a city in the middle of #Parthia, near #Arsace and Nisiaea, called "#Alexandropolis" after its founder. #ManyMuslim historians, from the 10th to the 16th century AD, attribute the founding of "#Sanaabad" (the old name of the city) to Alexander. Also in the Shia hadith sources, which the narrators connect to the 7th to 9th centuries AD, there are quotations that #ImamRidha and Harun al-Rashid are buried in a city founded by "The righteous servant, The two-horned one", which title that known for #AlexanderTheGreat.
The older name of Mashhad is #Sanaabad (سناباد). It was eventually renamed to Mashhad during the Safavid Empire. The name Mashhad comes from Arabic, meaning a martyrium. It is also known as the place where Ali ar-Ridha (Persian, Imam Reza), the eighth Imam of #ShiaMuslims, died (according to the Shias, was martyred). Reza's shrine was placed there.
The ancient Parthian city of Patigrabanâ, mentioned in the #Behistun inscription (520 BCE) of the Achaemenid Emperor Darius I, may have been located at the present-day Mashhad.
At the beginning of the 9th century (3rd century AH), Mashhad was a small city called Sanabad, which was situated 24 kilometres (15 miles) away from Tus. There was a summer palace of Humayd ibn Qahtaba, the governor of Khurasan. In 808, when Harun al-Rashid, Abbasid caliph, was passing through to quell the insurrection of Rafi ibn al-Layth in #Transoxania, he became ill and died. He was buried under the palace of #Humayd ibn #Qahtaba. Thus the Dar al-Imarah was known as the Mausoleum of #Haruniyyeh. In 818, Ali al-Ridha was martyred by al-Ma'mun and was buried beside the grave of Harun. Although Mashhad owns the cultural heritage of Tus (including its figures like Nizam al-Mulk, Al-Ghazali, #AhmadGhazali, Ferdowsi, #Asadi Tusi, and Shaykh Tusi), earlier Arab geographers have correctly identified Mashhad and Tus as two separate cities that are now located about 19 kilometres (12 miles) from each other.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad
FA:
مشهد کلان‌شهری در شمال شرقی ایران و مرکز استان خراسان رضوی است. این شهر در زمان #افشاریان، پایتخت ایران بود. مشهد با ۳۵۱ کیلومتر مربع مساحت، دومین شهر پهناور ایران پس از تهران است. براساس سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن سال ۱۳۹۵ مشهد با ۳٬۰۰۱٬۱۸۴ تن جمعیت، دومین شهر پرجمعیت ایران پس از تهران و نود و پنجمین شهر پر جمعیت دنیا به‌شمار می‌رود.
شهر مشهد در حوزهٔ رودخانهٔ #کشف‌رود و در دشت مشهد بین کوه‌های #هزارمسجد و #بینالود گسترده شده‌است. بیشینهٔ ارتفاع شهر مشهد ۱۱۵۰ متر و کمینهٔ آن ۹۵۰ متر است. شهر مشهد دارای آب و هوای متغیر، اما معتدل و متمایل به سرد و خشک است و از تابستان‌های گرم و خشک و زمستان‌های سرد و مرطوب برخوردار است. بیشینهٔ درجه حرارت در تابستان‌ها ۴۳ درجه بالای صفر و کمینهٔ آن در زمستان‌ها ۲۲ درجه زیر صفر است.
fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF
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