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👍 I will keep at it!

👍 I do have plans about videos related to the Shi'a century though it will be a while until I release videos about it (as they are just on the planing stage for the moment).

👍 Agreed, as a balanced view on history with both its positives and negatives is important in order to learn from the past correctly.

👍They sure are a pretty cool group that have had a large influence on history even outside of Sicily.

👍 Regardless of religious background, it is undeniable that he did contribute a lot to the Arab cultural heritage by his patronage.

@theculturedjinni Yes, of course

@theculturedjinni Bro Are you of Middle Eastern origin?

@ No, I am just a Swede with a great interest in Middle Eastern history.

@@theculturedjinni Really amazing

Not really, just an extreme sect that just happened to be led by a Persian.

@ the army was mix of Arabs and Persians most of the army was Persian and leader was Persian they sacked Mecca for revive of zorostain

@@SsWe-o7n Most evidence indicate that the claims that they were zoroastrians was just propaganda made against them, as we can see in less biased accounts towards them of being just a radical ismaili group + their coins were clearly islamic and the verses they chose for their coins points towards them being fanatical in their beliefs against any sort of impurity against their understanding of monotheism.

@ who cares they invaded Iraq and sacked you. Mecca and killed hajjs do you called them Muslims 😂

👍 TH-cam promotes what it promotes, but I am happy seeing your appreciation for my channel!

Yes, it is sadly a constant throughout human history.

I do not plan to discuss Nietzsche, though in his defense his concept of the death of God was less about the death of God as a complete concept and more that classical religion and their interpretations no longer functioned as a system to explain the world in terms of explanation and moral judgement and guidance for individuals & society as the world had changed too much for these older systems to be applicable.

👍 I do have some ideas about similar events and questions, and blasphemy actually exist in some European countries still, though the punishments are either small fines or the laws exist but are no longer applied due to judicial practice. When we are talking about blasphemy with serious consequences such as jail and execution then those disappeared gradually from in the 17th-19th centuries.

Well, dark is here more used as in unknown or less talked about like in "dark horse".

👍 I have heard about this being an issue from a friend of mine too, and laws about blasphemy and apostasy & similar tend to be abused for personal slights & conflicts and this seems to be a historic constant regardless of where you look so i am not surprised.

This is a rather complicated matter but: Yes, in that punishment has existed in certain christian traditions and no in that it has not always been the case and it has in most cases even when existing not been a direct religious law or a direct matter of religion, but rather an indirect matter. The matter depends upon a lot of considerations as it has actually been discussed a lot in various church traditions and it has also been discussed if punishing apostates is something the church, or the worldly sword of the state, should do or not (and this has been also different for various eras and places too). But, generally as Christianity usually has not had a focus upon legalistic orthopractic theology like Islam or Judaism (with their legal traditions) the motivation for punishment of apostasy has not been a divinely ordained law or prophetic tradition, but rather as a "general good" or act of "protecting the good" generally (though some non-roman church traditions had/do have a legalistic religious basis for it). Apostasy punishment has been motivated by intentionalism of seeking the "good outcome" rather than as a conclusion derived from religious tradition. It has thus mostly been a matter of general "good *governance*" rather than of religious interpretation from the texts & traditions of the religion. Certainly, apostasy from the faith in the middle ages Europe meant death as it was seen as equivalent to being a heretic (as you had deviated from the true path in the Roman Catholic christian view and hence was a threat to the "good society") which was punished by death, but it was not due to punishments found in the religious texts or traditions of interpretation per se but rather due to laws that were made to ensure a "good christian society" & public order as was understood at the time. Now in practice the difference between this and a more religiously directly motivated punishment of apostasy is not large, it is still punishment of apostates, but the matter was less about religious tradition and more about specific understandings of what was good governance and trying to achieve a general good rather than applying a direct divine will. So it was in certain ways less directly Christian in a legal sense, of divine command or religious tradition, than one would first assume even if it very much was a result or product of a that time's christian understanding of seeking the general good for society which was a product of certain theological intentionalist outlook found in Christianity.

@theculturedjinni so the punishment of apostasy could be avoided under a Catholic but not under orthadoxy? Or am I missing something

@@omarelmorsy139 No, they were actually very similar and you could even argue that the Orthodox punishing apostasy was even further divorced from being based in religion as apostasy as a legal category was outside of the church and dealt with through the laws and courts of the earthy rulership rather than within the church (the roman catholic church on the other hand did have special church legal courts for this even if the laws regarding apostasy themselves were not based upon religion but rather justified upon principles of good governance for religion). It was in both cases a case of apostasy laws existing because it was seen as a good thing that prevented corruption and ensured good rather than apostasy laws existing due religious tradition or some text stating that a prophet declared apostasy laws mandatory. Apostasy laws were in both cases not really a law taken from the religion as much as it was law that was created and adopted to serve religion. Did it become clearer?

@@theculturedjinni okay now I understand more, but still I don't understand Christians view over the old testament, scince it clearly states that if your brother wanted you to worship other gods then you should kill him without mercy, in Judaism it does exist but in Christianity it's not clear whether it's based on religion or state law

​@@omarelmorsy139 This generally goes back to the fact that the Roman church tradition, that is to say the Catholics, eastern Orthodox and protestants (mostly as you have traditions in Protestantism that wanted to go back to mosaic law), have the view that much of the old testament only applied to the Jews and/or was abrogated by the new message brought by Jesus and one part the was abrogated was much of the legalistic law that is found in the old testament.

👍 If I do remember it correctly (I made this video in either late 2023 or early 2024 so it has been about a year ago) it is mostly Eulogius' works of Memoriale Sanctorum & Documentum Martyriale and later accounts, which are probably based upon his writings too, that mention these martyrs. Outside of him, I also know that Paul Albar's Vita Eulogii & Liber Epistolarum Alvari are also primary sources for the events around the Cordoban martyrs. I do think/remember there also was episcopal correspondence to Rome too that mentioned the events of these persecutions and similarly with the Frankish king being concerned over the treatment of the Christians. I also know that there are a lot of references to various sources in Colbert, Edward P. (1962). The martyrs of Córdoba (850-859): a study of the sources. Diss. Washington : Catholic Univ. of America This could be a good place to start looking for sources that are contemporary or near contemporary and the manuscripts of these.

I remember that I saw something like this in a horror movie that referenced Sylvester II. I saw it a while back (and the name currently escapes me), but other than that nothing comes directly to my mind right now.

I do have a long list of persons that studied in the Islamic world who I plan to make videos about. I do not currently have any plans to go into various traditions regarding dealing with the Jinn or demons, yet again I might go into this in the future too. And the most interesting demon in Christianity outside the main devil Lucifer himself would be Mammon as there is such a fascinating myths around him as the representation of destructive greed.

I do plan to make videos touching upon this when I discuss the Islamic golden age and its relationship to the previous Greek-Roman heritage and also when I discuss the Nahda and how the arab world took influence from the west.

I consider him maybe in the top 10 (as there is hard competition here though)

I do not currently have any plans to make videos regarding the esoteric traditions in al-andalus but it is not impossible I might make something about it in the future. Regarding lord of the Rings it is also one of the works I have considered (if I ever go into discussing fictional works) to make videos about since it is such fantastic blend of various influences and I certainly could make a video discussing the various religious themes therein.

Sorry, it is a bit hard to under what you mean by "amusing magic" could you please clarify?

@@theculturedjinni using magic

Oh yes the British did bring them over there, that sounds like a fun trivia thing I could make a shorter video about, thanks for the video idea.

👍 Probably horses or war dogs. Yes, I do plan to make a video about dragons for October (hopefully), though it will less be a history video and more a cultural overview video.

👍, I might do a video about it or something related.

👍 Yes, Leonardo Fibonacci is another example of a person that was a link between the Islamicate world of knowledge and Western European world.

Maybe, I will have to look into your content and also you can contact me on my channel mail address.

👍 Yes, those church reform attempts were also a part in why Pope Sylvester II got character assassinated (though it still remains a question if he really got assassinated or died of natural causes as the sources that talk about his death being violent are kind of dubious)

I am glad you liked it and appreciate it 👍 And I will continue to make videos! Regarding ق , I can admit it can sometimes be a bit of an issue in pronunciation as I am not a native speaker, furthermore when I speak more generally to others I tend to pronounce it like "g" in everyday speech and I might have messed it up here, making it more into a "k/ك" sound, when I was trying to go back to a more pure pronunciation of "q/ق". I will just have to focus more upon making it more clear in distinction when I recite Arabic in the future. Thanks for pointing this out!👍

😅 Yeah I know, I am Sorry for the horrible pronunciation, as I have never studied French unlike a lot of other languages I just have to try to imitate how others say it or follow IPAs or or how I think it is pronounced, which is hard when you have had no experience with the language. I will try to get it better next time I deal with things connected to French history (which is hopefully in the far future).

I might have been a bit too much, I recognize this being the case in a lot of my earliest videos.

👍Sylvester II and the Ottonian emperors really were the ones to bring the flame of light in that era in many regards, though you could argue, as I would, that it began with Charlemagne and that the following centuries were kind of a general era of a western dawn from the night that had occurred after the fall of the Roman Empire and that these people are some of the metaphorical rays of light coming from the rising sun.

@theculturedjinni I agree, charlmange was so great, he expanded his empire so much in such a quick time, made a new currency, and his court made literature rise to a degree, but as a base or the earliest form of art and cultural revivel, i got to go with the lesser known merovingian king Chilperic I, Chilperic's reign in Neustria saw the introduction of the Byzantine punishment of eye-gouging. Yet, he was also a man of culture: he was a musician of some talent, and he wrote verse (modelled on that of Sedulius); he attempted to reform the Frankish alphabet; and he worked to reduce the worst effects of Salic law upon women.

@theculturedjinni I view the rise of the ottonians as an actual attempt to transform a germanic confederation to an actual roman empire. The diplomatic marriages with byzantine princess brought art, culture, and knowledge to the Court, with otto III imitating a byzantine customs and attempting to make rome the capitalof the empire

@@omarelmorsy139 I am not familiar with Chilperic I (I will have to look into him) and yes the Ottonians were pretty much trying to create a Roman Empire in the west and were the successful successors of Charlemagne's first attempt to recreate the western Roman legacy, hence Holy *Roman* Empire.

​so it wasn'treally darkafterall😅@@theculturedjinni

👍Good question! Well, it was really a combination of both (even if the degrees to which are still a hotly debated topic). It seems it was mostly monasteries at first and traveling monks and men of religion from Africa and Europe such as Gerbert/Sylvester and others like Constantine the African and his Liber pantegni ( which we do have 11th century dated manuscripts of), though it certainly seems to have become also part of noble culture later with Frederick II and the Norman kings (with Roger II of Sicily's promotion of Arab knowledge being a great part here) too. So it really was not only one or the other but a combination.

​@theculturedjinni While there may have been open-minded clergy who were among the most literate individuals of their time, it was monarchs like Frederick II and the Norman kings who institutionalized the transfer of knowledge. For this reason, I still struggle to see the significant role of Benedictine monasteries narrative in translation efforts. That said, human travel and contact have always played a key role in the exchange of knowledge.

@@omar0bin0thabit 👍Well, I think both played important parts, sure rulers did do a lot to institutionalize the transfer of knowledge, but a lot of knowledge production and transfer was done outside of the royal courts and their institutions as influence was rather limited in certain regards, especially in matters of culture, and many developments were rather decentralized and I do think the early open-minded clergy did a lot to spread it and also legitimize it as practice, churchmen doing this kind of did make it as some viable to do, and then the royal courts could continue it and improve upon i and take it to greater heights by making institutions and by working on what had already been done earlier.

Because it usually deals with less known "dark" history like in the expression "dark horse" for a less known racing horse that wins a race.

👍

I think it is stop spamming you are referring to, as he usually had that profile.

👍 I might do that.

Sorry to hear about your negative experiences there! And regarding my channel I do what I can with the limited free time and free tools I have, I will see if I can improve my video editing quality for future videos (though the map on this video is actually taken from google earth).

👍, I did not think it was that silly and it was fun answering it.

👍 Happy New year to you too! And I will continue to make videos! of that you can be sure Regarding the difference between eastern and western Arabic writing historians, I think the main difference is that many of the trends I describe in the video are somewhat extended for example, historical writing with analytical components do continue into the 18th century rather then ending in the 16th and you do get kind of less extreme tendencies afterwards caused by colonialism too, at least this is something I think I have noticed in my opinion (this is though something I am not 100% sure about though as I have not read as much from the western historians as from the eastern ones. And, this is weird considering the brutality of French colonialism, but this might be connected to less of a gap to previous traditions of writing history? and more of a slower mixing and maybe due to other local conflicts between various groups taking prominence?) As for Al'adil al-ayubi's sons, I would also kind of see them less as bad or great and more like rather unremarkable kings that did not really change the core issues of the Ayyubid dynasty (a dynasty that I generally also view as being rather politically unstable through its history) such as the constant fiscal deficits and over extension of borders in comparison to the necessary military & political support and then the later infighting between various branches of the dynasty and then later infighting between factions of the military. Their issues with the Crusaders and such are more of a side piece of a mosaic of far greater issues to which they simply were not up to the task.

@theculturedjinni yeah that's true, i think it's because many historians of pre colonial era taught during colonial era and raised a new generation of post colonial historians who were more connected to the past (for example ibn zaidan in Morocco) but what i originally noticed is for example western historians usually focused a lot less on institutions when talking about nations, and somewhat limited their studies to events and personalities, when in comparison eastern historians had many who focused on institutions (like how alqalqashandi wrote about mamlukian institutions, and how his student, ibn tigri birdi usually focused on the effects of policies on these institutions in his analysis, same with Ibn ilyas. i was wondering if this is just a coincidence or something that is noticeable

@thedeadwarrior1828 I honestly cannot tell if this is a coincidence or not, but if it is the case that there is a noticeable trend towards a focus on institutions in the east then that might be a result of the more institution based history of major institutions being built up (and replaced with the rise of the Mamluks and then the Ottomans) that occur in the east, wheres the west traditionally had many more minor more localized ones that might locally be important but did not become the sort of major power players that dominated entire regions in the same way nor did they get replaced in one fell swoop like often was the case in the east. Though this view I have here might also just be a result of the more institution focused view on history that was the case in the east.

👍 Happy New year to you too!

👍 Some probably know that it comes from an old nordic crusader flag during the time of Eric IX as it is something I got told/knew as a kid (though I have heard a lot of different origins for it and thus will have to look up more information about the Swedish flag) and yes I do plan something similar to this with some other flags.

in bahrain pretty everyone knows the meaning of the bahraini flag. they teach it to you first grade of public school AFAIK

Those are some things I can take into consideration if I make videos about this.

I will consider it!

Dark Souls is one of the series I plan to make a video about sometime in the future (where I connect it both to the original God of War trilogy and where I will describe the shared mythological background that they rest upon). The fate series I also have some ideas about too. Regarding magical index, I need to first to see it in order to see if I make some sort of analysis of it .

He claimed common descent with the Genghis though some claim that he rather shared a common ancestor with Genghis wheres other sources claim that he was a descendant. And I very much plan to make a video about Tamerlane due to his historic importance.

It is complicated and would require a very long essay style explanation as to why I am not a fan, but let's just say that I have major issues with his philosophy and the impact it had later.

👍 Happy new year to you too! & I am always happy to provide!