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Green Thumb Gardening Secrets
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 21 ก.ค. 2020
Beyond-Organic, Ecosystem Gardening
Organic gardening is great, but some of us want to go beyond "organic" to a system of gardening that mimics natural ecosystems in our gardens, tapping into the wisdom and ecological services that have evolved and been perfected over hundreds of millions of years. These are the most powerful tools in any garden, always.
Mimicking our surrounding ecosystems in our gardens makes us providers of habitat for all life that exists around us-giving the denizens of the natural world places to hide, hunt, sleep, and eat and to grow and reproduce-letting predators and prey find their own balance, just as they do everywhere and, in doing so, allows our gardens to become a beneficial part of the ecosystem instead of working against it.
It's an acknowledgment that natural processes don't stop at the garden fence and that we are all deeply reliant on ecosystem services everywhere, whether we're cognizant of them or not.
In many ways, this way of gardening is a return to "old-school" organic practices, before there became an official USDA version of them and they became more about non-synthetic, non-chemical versions of conventional agriculture instead of the farming and gardening practices that were modeled after and fit into ecosystems.
Mimicking our surrounding ecosystems in our gardens makes us providers of habitat for all life that exists around us-giving the denizens of the natural world places to hide, hunt, sleep, and eat and to grow and reproduce-letting predators and prey find their own balance, just as they do everywhere and, in doing so, allows our gardens to become a beneficial part of the ecosystem instead of working against it.
It's an acknowledgment that natural processes don't stop at the garden fence and that we are all deeply reliant on ecosystem services everywhere, whether we're cognizant of them or not.
In many ways, this way of gardening is a return to "old-school" organic practices, before there became an official USDA version of them and they became more about non-synthetic, non-chemical versions of conventional agriculture instead of the farming and gardening practices that were modeled after and fit into ecosystems.
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Sunlight is the number one need for garden plants, but gardeners' misunderstanding and underappreciation of it cause 90-95% of the garden problems I'm asked to diagnose-and about the same percentage in gardens most gardens I see. How widespread is the problem? Why is sunlight misunderstood and underappreciated? How much sunlight do vegetable plants need? Why do vegetable plants need so much sun...
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The First Step to Growing Amazing, Chemical-Free Produce #gardeningtips #vegetablegarden #organic
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Why Start with Sunlight When Locating a Vegetable Garden? Too many new and veteran vegetable gardeners waste untold amounts of time preparing spots that ultimately will never work simply because they don't get enough direct sunlight, and, sadly, many of these gardeners abandon gardening altogether falsely thinking they're incapable of success just because they chose a location with too much sha...
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What beautiful soil you have even before starting. Here in central VA, if you get a foot down and try to loosen the next FOOT with a fork, you'll end up with bent and broken tines. Here to double dig, you have to go 4 ft x 3ft(my bed width) a foot deep. then you have to get down in the hole and dig out another foot of clay a couple inches at a time after using a 40lb digging bar to loosen up an inch or two). When replacing soil, you need a ton of compost (quite literally) and something to sift existing soil. Then layer. 4 inches compost, 4 inches of sifted original soil, then 3 inches of each, then 2 each til bed is "raised 8 inches" Just started a new bed in my new high tunnel. First 4ft took 3 hours....only 56' ft to go. (I do four foot a day as exercise). Should be done in two weeks. Then three more beds. Oof. But this video is right about one thing...the difference it makes going forward is HUGE! Easy planting, easy weeding, easy sowing. Less water for irrigation. Deeper roots. Bigger healthier plants. Hard work for the win.
Thanks for the thoughtful comment. Wow, that’s a lot of hard work. You've certainly got your work cut out for you. You bring up a couple of really good points as well: One, everyone’s situation is different. The soil you see in the video had already been improved a bit, but most people around here think they have a tough time with our clay. Yours is obviously much worse, and I’ve heard from others in other places that are similarly difficult. It’s a great point and why no one can prescribe exactly what will work for another person’s situation. At best, online tutorials like this are just a place to start to find the mix of methods that work best for each person in their unique place. Two, you mention how the work you put into loosening your soil deeply pays off with easy planting and weeding, better water-holding capacity, deeper roots, and, most importantly, bigger, healthier plants. It’s such a great point. The work upfront really pays off. That’s exactly what we’ve found from the first year we ever did this 30 years ago through today, and it’s why I made the video. I have other videos on other methods, but this is the one for people like you (even if it doesn’t fit perfectly for your situation) who are willing to do the work and get the wonderful rewards of bigger, healthier plants. I also like your plan and attitude: do it in stages and treat it like exercise. (It is.) Smart. You also might like my video that addresses if double-digging is worth it. Sounds like it’s right up your alley. th-cam.com/video/F7a9_sPNYJY/w-d-xo.html
I double dig my tomatoes and green pepper 60cm plots. I find myself frequently having to make compromises given how hard double digging is-I have 1,300m of these plots. I don’t let the perfect spoil the good-so I focus on aerating the soil and supplying microbes using chicken poop. Since my tomatoes and peppers come out excellent every year, I must be doing enough right. I celebrate your pragmatism.
Wow, that's a lot of area to garden! Well said. As you can tell from the video, I completely agree. Thank you. I celebrate your pragmatism in return. I'm glad you've found your compromises without compromising your results and that you've had such great success with it!
I don't understand. Why not dig down 6" and then built up 6" and mix with compost?
@@francus7227 Good question. The short answer is that 12” of overall loosened growing space amended with compost yields noticeably less production for peppers, tomatoes, and the larger brassicas. However, that doesn’t mean the method you suggest doesn’t work. It works plenty fine, if with a dip in production that you might not notice unless you used both methods next to each other in the same year for the same plants. I would add that gardening is far from being a one-size-fits-all proposition. It’s different for each plant. We don’t plant prepare areas for carrots the way we prepare them for asparagus, corn, or squash. And a 90 year-old who’s just trying to continue to garden might not want to use the same method as a 25 year old wanting to maximize production. We’re all different with different goals and desires, and that’s part of the beauty. As such, it’s important to note that this video is in no way advocating this method for all plants, all people, or all places. This is just one of several methods I teach in my videos, and I would not advocate for one over the other, only that gardeners choose the methods that best meet their levels of interest, ability, and expectations for production for their specific plants.
@greenthumbgardeningsecrets75 Holly cow. What pleasantly detailed and perfectly constructed reply. I'm 60 trying reach 90. Maybe I should dig 12", it might help me get to 90. I went back to the clip and tapped the thumbs up button to feed the algorithm monsters. Thank you.
@@francus7227 You are so absolutely welcome! And thank you for feeding the algorithm monsters! 🤗😜😃
Great idea ive got a harbor freight trecher So that means ha ha very litte shovle work i love this will do it myself in my whole garden that is clay city
Hahaha. That should help a lot -no sore back for you!! That's great! It will really help your productivity in your clay, especially for tomatoes, peppers, and the larger brassicas. I don't know that I'd personally do it for anything else. Good luck and let me know how it goes for you.
Thanks for sharing your garden. planting the corn in hills has been very rewarding for us. I think it’s very attractive! I’m going to try your method. Thanks for explaining timing. Happy gardening!
You are very welcome! It's heartwarming to hear planting in hills has been rewarding for you too. It's beautiful!! And it's still wonderfully productive. You are very, very welcome for the explanation of timing! I'm glad it helps! Happy gardening!!!
This is soooo good! Super helpful explanation....and thank you for explaining the "why" ! 😊
You are so welcome! Thank you for saying that! It's so good to hear from people who enjoy it all making sense!! 🙂
It's the best double digging i have ever seen. Well explained, too. Well done Sir
Sorry for the delayed reply. We're still recovering locally from Hurricane Helene. Thank you very, very much!! I really appreciate that!!
@greenthumbgardeningsecrets75 Unfortunately, some bad news -- rushed to implement this technique, but it seems my ground is too hard for a digging fork: th-cam.com/video/bZNTpWPW07o/w-d-xo.html Is the only option here some power tool?
Sorry for the delayed reply. We're still recovering locally from Hurricane Helene. That is some hard soil! I would remove some of it (with a pickaxe or whatever you can use to make some headway...jackhammer :| ) and have it tested (check on my website for some ideas--there are often free options nearby) to see if it has any nutrient value worth saving and improving. If it does, I'd remove part of it (using any means possible: pickaxe, jackhammer, track hoe, etc.--whatever works best for you and you can get ahold of and afford) and add a good amount of cured compost (and maybe even some soil depending on how much you remove--figure no more than 6" of cured compost and no less than 2", the rest soil) to amend it and make up for what you removed. If it doesn't have any nutrient quality to make it worth saving, I'd remove all of it 2' deep (or as deep as possible), loosen up whatever's left below the 2' deep level, and add back soil and 2-6" of cured compost to take it up to the level/height of soil/compost you want in there. Does that wall shade that area too much? If so, it might not be worth the expense of getting that area prepared, depending on what you're planting. Check out my website and videos for more info on how to see if it gets enough sun for different vegetable garden plants. Good luck! And let me know how it goes!
Excellent bideo
Thank you!
Great channel, you should have more subs!
Thank you!! Been trying and wish I did. Thanks!
U will get there!! @@greenthumbgardeningsecrets75
Awesome congrats 👏🏻
@@LKRaider Thank you!
great explanation...
Thank you! ❤
I read that it's recommended to cut the stem at an angle, not flat horizontal? I make soup with broccoli leave. Incredible.
That's interesting. An angled cut would allow water to run off, helping avoid rot-a common practice with wood posts, etc.-but I've never had an issue with a flatter cut. It would be hard to cut it flat enough to hold water anyway, but I can see it helping with drainage since the stem is usually starting to hollow out a bit by harvest time. As long as it doesn't make it too difficult to harvest and keep the number of leaves you want, I'd say, "Why not?" And broccoli leaves in soup sounds amazing! Great use of your produce!
Thanks for sharing
Absolutely, thanks for the kind comment!
First time gardener here. I'm definitely learning lessons.
@@hopebradley1417 The experience of partnering with the earth and soil and your plants are both great teachers. All they require is an open mind and open heart. Good luck and don’t be too hard on yourself. We all started somewhere; we learn plenty of regular lessons; and we all have lots more we can learn, always. Thanks for the comment.
To be clear, like almost every other gardening source, when I refer to direct sunlight I am referring to unobstructed sunlight not direct solar beam radiation as opposed to diffuse radiation. If I were speaking of beam radiation and diffuse radiation and their amounts, I would use be speaking of solar irradiance (and it wouldn't likely be a gardening video) and use the terms Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI), and Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and give measures of it W/m².
20 TO 24 HOURS OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT. WHAT PLANET DID YOU UPLOAD THIS VIDEO FROM?
When he referred to that he did say ALASKA....
To be clear, like almost every other gardening source, when I refer to direct sunlight I am referring to unobstructed sunlight not direct solar beam radiation as opposed to diffuse radiation. If I were speaking of beam radiation and diffuse radiation and their amounts, I would use be speaking of solar irradiance (and it wouldn't likely be a gardening video) and use the terms Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI), and Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and give measures of it W/m².
Well put ! Overcast , low sun , nematodes , and squirrels ! Oh and and and 🙃🏡
Thank you! Ha, yes, the challenges can seem like a lot sometimes. 🙃
Thank you for this video..... do you think you plants are more healthy with this method
You are very welcome. Yes, absolutely! Most end up much healthier (to the point where I've never had to use chemical or even organic pesticides--they can just defend themselves) but some much more than others (in order of difference: tomatoes, peppers, larger brassicas, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes....). Because it's so much work, however, I personally, have decided to only use it for tomatoes, peppers, larger brassicas, and their companions, since it's easy enough to find more space for things like beans and make up the production. I address all of this and a little more in "Double Digging's Tips, Tricks, and Finer Points" (th-cam.com/video/F7a9_sPNYJY/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/F7a9_sPNYJY/w-d-xo.html) and on my website here: greenthumbgardeningsecrets.com/double-diggings-finer-points/. Good luck!
Hi, hope you are well. I want to talk to you about something important. You can earn as much as you want through your TH-cam channel, if you are interested in this, you can let me know. (I am talking about another way besides channel monetization). This will bring you an extra passive income. Thank you.
We would all be dead if that were true! Utah has the most prime sunlight at 6-8 hours, most are 4-6 or less! It’s impossible to get that much direct sunlight in one day for a stationary location! Maybe your unclear as to what the term direct sunlight mean!
Firstly, it’s “you’re” not “your” and it’s “means” not “mean.” If you’re going to leave judgy, exclamation-point-filled comments about someone else’s video, at least get your use of the possessive “your” and the non-possessive contraction of “you are” correct-glass houses and stones being what they are. Secondly, you’re obviously being a troll. You have no videos or posts of your own, but you chose to post ridiculous, off-topic negative comments on others’. Thirdly, for clarity, it's 100% true, and you are most certainly unclear as to what “direct sunlight” means in gardening. However, you raise an interesting point. Writers of gardening literature regularly define direct sunlight as light rays that hit plants’ foliage directly-as opposed to those that hit something that obstructs those direct rays first causing shade. They do this to clarify so aspiring gardeners do not put plants needing “full sun” in spots that are well-lit but completely shaded. Using this definition, they refer to needed hours of direct sunlight-from “full” shade (less than 2-3 hours), part sun/part shade (2-6 hours), and full sun (6+ hours). Increasingly, garden writers are describing vegetable plants as needing 8-10+ hours of direct sunlight and they’re correct, based on that definition. What you’re saying is that, astronomically speaking, direct sunlight is that which is not dispersed by clouds, haze, dust, smog, or just the smaller number of particles always present in the atmosphere when it enters at an oblique angle. Noted. However, that is not usually taken into the equation in gardening literature. Only a few sources even give the detail that hours of direct sunlight should include time from 10 am - 4 pm. I can see incorporating the astronomical definition as part of a more nuanced gardening definition helping. On the other hand, it’s hard enough to get people to not try to grow sun-loving plants in the shade. That said, if you’re not a troll, do a better job with your tone in comments. You question a video producer’s knowledge-even though it’s clearly a gardening video and the gardening definition is clear (look it up if you don’t already know; you’ll see), not an astronomy site-and use bitchy exclamation points to do so. While astronomically speaking, you’re correct, who cares? You have no videos of your own. Do you regularly waste time incorrectly picking out what you think are technical errors in other people’s videos? That’s a pedant, and when I see someone with no videos of their own who is so forthright about his criticism, I think troll. If you’re not, address it better next time, or leave it be. And if you’re going to criticize another video, get your grammar correct.
Wonderful advice for beginning gardeners and a good reminder for all the rest of us! Thanks, Judd!
Thank you!
Thanks for the confirmation. Nice to see some common sense again.
I know, right?! The fads have been crazy and even more nonsensical these days. A garden friend of mine sent me a popular fad-driven TH-cam clip recently, saying, "This is what's killing gardening." I welcome all-at least they're trying-but he also has a point. It's hard to see so many fail when success is so much easier and cheaper. That all said, you're quite welcome! Thanks for letting me know there are still people out there who are succeeding through observation, logic, and using long-successful methods.
I live in southeast texas. I have to use shades to get the best yeild. I learned early, direct sunlight will burn up most garden plans here
Yeah, where you live is absolutely the exception to the rule, but it’s not the hours of sunlight. It’s the heat. For example, the northern part of the U.S. gets more hours of direct sunlight in the summer than you do, and no one there has to shade their crops. Instead, the weakest corn, soybeans, etc. are the ones on the edges of the field that are shaded by the trees. And don’t tell the rest of the folks north of you that or they’ll think they need to keep growing in only 4 hours of direct sun a day-and wonder why they’re failing. 😂 Plus, it’s not complete shade, right? I'm guessing you're using an Agribond-type fabric or something similar that still lets a decent percentage of direct sunlight through. Do you have to shade heat-loving crops like peppers, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, etc. (being tropical or subtropical,l you'd think there'd be enough genetic heritage for someone to produce varieties that thrive in your heat), or just your cool season crops?
What fantastic resources! Excellent! Thank you!!
Great! Glad you like it! I was about to create a map like a topo map but with frost dates for the U.S. like I've seen for NC, so I was stoked to find the NOAA map! And then their interactive map is sick!!
Love the background music, the highlighting and the great explanation!!
Thanks, Mom!! ❤
Do you sharpen your fork before hand ? Docyou gavw cideo on that. Thanks for your time💯💜
I don't. I've never had the need. The square tines are strong, already come to a bit of a point, and dig in really well as is. I could maybe see the need if digging super hard clay, but we originally had that and the tines dug in just fine. Now, our soil is improving so much it just gets easier and easier. Now, a shovel on the other hand. I regularly sharpen those (but that's for work outside of the garden). Thanks for all of your comments! I appreciate you getting something out of and interacting with the video info!! 💯💚
The spade and fork looks like bulldog brand, that stuff lasts a lifetime
Great tip with shaking. I put them in water.
Water's great too.
You are reading my mail kind Sir.. everyone tells me I have a green thumb.. but your sun exposure video may be the answer to my biggest issues in the past 7 years.
Thanks for letting me know it helped! I'm glad to hear it!
Oh.. is that why ! ?Cauliflower in my morning shade area has beautiful leaves and 1 inch head. /; Another bed more sun 5-6" head.
Exactly, that's a great example!
Yes for sure sun is # 1. Unless you are growing lettuce😂 I am dealing with that now.. Maple tree is 100Ft tall now.. after 7 years since planing my garden.. shaded until 12noon. 28k to prune and trim and cable to prevent the old decade parts from poss. breakage. We have high winds and is a potential hazard.
Yeah, that's a great point. I'm working on a short with a part about that right now. Because trees keep on growing, more buildings go up, neighbors put in fences, etc., even good spots lose their sun over time.
Very good video. If you want to do something properly in your yard, you have to take your time, use the proper tool and plenty of elbow grease.
Thank you! If you do it that way, it pays you back (and then some usually).
Hi, I saw your video. And I think you deserve more views. If you SEO your videos properly then TH-cam will automatically reach your videos to more people. Your video's SEO score is only 37 out of 100. Which is too low, and therefore your video doesn't get enough views that you deserve.
Thank you! I'll work on it.
U da man
Thank you, Sir Gor
I love the way all six most important elements for green thumb gardening were summarized in such a concise way! I always learn so much when I watch your videos! Thanks, Judd!
Thank you, Gretchen!!
What do you do if the soil is full of perennial weeds like horsetail and bindweed? Do you keep stopping to trace the root and pull it out?
Oooo, those are two tough ones. Like most persistent weeds, you have four options (none of which are mutually exclusive): dig/remove/weed, smother, use chemicals, and improve your soil. The short answer is that I'd 1) definitely get what I can while double digging and be really gentle with the roots so I'm careful to get every piece, 2) continue killing it with multiple strategies, and 3) work most diligently at improving my soil. Whatever you do needs to be done regularly, repeatedly, and over a long period of time (in the range of three to five years) because it takes multiple times to exhaust the extensive reserves of energy stored in the very large root systems. Bindweed roots are known to run 20 feet (6 meters) deep and 25 feet or more in breadth, being known to come up in neighboring fields and pastures. Horsetail roots routinely grow 6 feet deep. Plus, both have root systems that break rather easily and WILL REGROW NEW PLANTS FROM EVEN SMALL PIECES OF ROOTS LEFT IN THE SOIL. That's too large, too deep, and too far-reaching to be realistically removed by digging alone. You can dig or weed bindweed and cut horsetail stems to the ground regularly over a long period (3-5 years) to exhaust the root system and finally kill the plant. Be aware that horsetails will resprout even more vigorously at first, but vigilant removal of top growth will kill them eventually. Likely, don't hoe or till horseweed since it will cut the underground rhizomes and create more plants. If you do, weed out the new plants before they start creating rhizomes (within a few weeks). Broken pieces of bindweed root sprout above-ground growth again in a couple of weeks, so remove it every three weeks all season. Smothering also has to be done over a long period (two years or possibly more for horsetail) and over a large area. Otherwise, the vigorous horseweed rhizomes will grow to the edge of the smothering covering and put up tops there and the parts of the bindweed plant that remain outside of the garden plot will simply recolonize the bed after the smothering material is removed. If you're fine with using chemicals (just giving options), repeated applications of glyphosate will work on bindweed and horsetail; it often takes repeated applications to get enough herbicide into the root system to kill the whole thing. Again, stay vigilant and stay the course, and you'll eventually kill the entire root system. To avoid the drift of herbicide onto other plants, dabbers are available. If you can't find them, ask and I'll share at least one source. Breaking the horsetail stems with a rake first (or walking on them) has been found to help them absorb the herbicide. Finally, both bindweed and horsetail are also good indicators of soil conditions that are quite poor for vegetable plants and field crops. Horsetail indicates low pH, infertile, and poorly drained soil. Bindweed indicates compacted soil. Many report having the best luck control horseweed by improving their soil, making it increasingly inhospitable to it. Improve the drainage and compaction (double digging helps tremendously), increase fertility (add even more cured compost) while double digging, and raise the pH by adding lime in accordance with recommendations from a soil test (cured compost from some sources can also help bring soil into a more neutral pH).
@@greenthumbgardeningsecrets75 Thanks so much!
@@twelvesmylimit You're very welcome!
Gracias
de nada
Absolutely need to do more of the offset spacing ! I think I start out thinking of a block plan and then all of a sudden end up much more traditional… old habits die hard! But every time I hear you and see your garden, I realize I need to keep on breaking with tradition and do what makes my plants happiest 😊
Glad it helps!! ❤️
This is so helpful! I really like that you give more than one option for finding this information! It seems like I simple thing, but I know too many long time gardeners who have lost plants to frosts! Thanks, Judd!
Thank you, Gretchen! Glad it helps!! And you’re absolutely welcome!
What about spaghetti squash?
The same as other squash.
@@greenthumbgardeningsecrets75 Thank you.
@@definitelyp8652 Absolutely!
Cảm ơn bạn đã chia sẻ video thêm một phong cảnh đẹp nơi bạn sinh sống 👍và follow ủng hộ bạn nhé 💕💕💕💕❤️❤️❤️
You're very welcome! Same to you!
Teaching like a pro!! Can't wait to utilize this info. Excited to use your spacing charts and companion planting 😁
Thank you so much!! 😊 I hope you find it helpful. 🤗
I’m loving your videos but wonder where you are located? Makes all the difference in the world in planning your crops. I’ve cleared a nice spot and need to know next steps for my area. Thanks!
Thanks, Beth! That’s certainly nice to hear! I’m in the mountains of North Carolina now but grew up in Wisconsin. Fee free to ask whatever questions you have, and I’ll help you out with whatever I can. You’re 100% welcome.
Also, my most recent video is specifically meant to answer the exact question of what to do next. It’s what I’ve noticed to be the biggest secrets used by the best green-thumbed gardeners everywhere and gives several options/ideas for meeting the six critical needs of your garden plants th-cam.com/video/eq5Sq6WwL1Y/w-d-xo.htmlsi=uTniRj7piN9Wwi2L)
After double digging the first year, I add 6 inches of compost on top yearly and the worms bring it down into the soil for me.
Have you noticed any drop off for tomatoes, peppers, or the larger brassicas as it gets farther from when you last double dug the beds?
I am so excited to not only have all this information so well explained, but also the links to more in depth details included!! Thank you, Judd!
I also loved the inserts as examples ❤
Awesome! You're welcome! Thank you!
I did this for two years in my entire yard during the pandemic. I was in great shape when I was finished and so was the yard.
Hahaha, yeah, I bet you were and the plants loved it!
Judd, once again you have awakened the gardener in me and given me so much hope!
I'm so glad! Thank you for that comment!
This whole idea of seeing things from your plants’ perspective is such a simple concept but absolutely revolutionary for gardeners! Thank you, Judd for such an understandable explanation!! 4:56
You're welcome! So nice of you! Thank you!
This is great! I knew there had to be an effective way to deepen my loosened soil! Quick question though. How long do you wait between “fluffing sessions” (I.e. between the first moderate breaking and the next step)? Do you perform the second session at the same time you add compost? Thanks!
Thank you! It’s great that you’ll use it. Your plants will love it! You don’t have to wait at all. You can add cured compost and further fluff the soil as you mix in the compost. Does that make sense and answer both of your questions?
THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU
You are VERY welcome!
@@greenthumbgardeningsecrets75 seriously this is the only video I have come across that actually demonstrates start to end how to do this, without unnecessary chatter, just pure information. Bless you!
@@pixelated23-b9z It’s so great to read a comment like that because that’s exactly why I made the whole series on soil building - just to show several very doable but very effective methods, so people can see how easy they are and pick the one that best suits them. I’m so glad to hear it’s useful to someone!