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AstroNaught
United States
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 7 ส.ค. 2021
Kinda like Khan Academy for astronomy, except I'm not as cool as Sal Khan and make more puns.
This channel is dedicated to making astronomy and astrophysics more accessible. Throughout these videos, we will be discussing the universe on both a conceptual and technical level. Please feel free to share your comments and ideas! Let me know what topics you'd like to hear about or how I can make these videos more digestible. All the videos are colorblind-friendly.
A Fun Fact: The image in the header is of Cluster M52, which I took on the Leuschner 30-inch optical telescope.
This channel is dedicated to making astronomy and astrophysics more accessible. Throughout these videos, we will be discussing the universe on both a conceptual and technical level. Please feel free to share your comments and ideas! Let me know what topics you'd like to hear about or how I can make these videos more digestible. All the videos are colorblind-friendly.
A Fun Fact: The image in the header is of Cluster M52, which I took on the Leuschner 30-inch optical telescope.
The Moon (the non-elementary school version)
Let's talk about the moon, its phases, and its rotation in a more in-depth way than you learned in elementary school. Sorry about the static :/
0:00 Intro
0:25 Rotation
1:11 Tidal Friction
1:37 Hemispheres
3:19 The Sun's Role
4:15 Cycle vs Revolution
Intro and Outro:
"Astronaut in the Ocean" by Masked Wolf, beats by FaMusic
0:00 Intro
0:25 Rotation
1:11 Tidal Friction
1:37 Hemispheres
3:19 The Sun's Role
4:15 Cycle vs Revolution
Intro and Outro:
"Astronaut in the Ocean" by Masked Wolf, beats by FaMusic
มุมมอง: 207
วีดีโอ
The Thin Lens Equation, Magnification, and Power
มุมมอง 1385 หลายเดือนก่อน
NEW: worksheets! For this video, I wrote a few practice problems, so you can try solving some problems (you won't be graded on) yourself. This worksheet can be accessed and downloaded as a PDF here: astronaughtpov.wordpress.com/2024/04/25/the-thin-lens-equation-and-magnification-worksheet/ 0:00: Three Concepts 0:19 Thin Lens 2:10 Magnification 4:00 Power 4:41 Worksheet Sources -Image Formation ...
Convex and Concave Lenses
มุมมอง 1317 หลายเดือนก่อน
Hopefully this video helps your thoughts converge to a better understanding. 0:00 Intro 0:28 Convex Lenses 4:05 Concave Lenses 4:45 Object at Infinity 5:19 Summary Sources: -Image Formation by Thin Lenses, Richard Fitzpatrick 2007 (farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/316/lectures/node141.html) -BYJUS (byjus.com/physics/to-find-image-distance-for-varying-object-distances-of-a-convex-lens-with-ray-dia...
The Behavior of Light: Reflection, Transmission, Refraction, Absorption, Diffraction, Scattering
มุมมอง 1.5K9 หลายเดือนก่อน
Light may bend, but it won't break. 0:00 Intro 1:02 Reflection 2:43 Refraction 4:07 Absorption 4:50 Diffraction 5:06 Scattering Sources: -Science Mission Directorate. "Wave Behaviors" NASA Science. 2010. -Oxford Instruments -Scattering and Diffraction, Electron Microscopy Center Intro and Outro: "Astronaut in the Ocean" by Masked Wolf, beats by FaMusic
Supernovae: Type Ia, Type II, and Other Supernovae Personalities
มุมมอง 33211 หลายเดือนก่อน
What's the difference between type A and type B personalities? Silicon. WARNING: the into/outro audio is a bit too loud in this video. I apologize for accidentally damaging anyone's eardrums. It will be corrected before the next video. Perhaps it is time to change the song too? Let me know if you have any recommendations :). 0:00 Intro 0:24 Types 0:53 II 2:38 Ia 3:48 Ib and Ic 4:48 Where? Sourc...
Transit: The Most Popular Way to Detect Exoplanets
มุมมอง 160ปีที่แล้ว
The three transit curves are made using the formula d=(r_p/r_s)^2, with r_p/r_s=1/4, 1/3, and 1/5 (which are much greater than the standard planet-to-star size). You may notice that it can be difficult to see where the transit occurs when the planet is significantly smaller than the sun. To account for this, astronomers often use logarithmic scales for axes, making small differences much more n...
What is the Shape of the Universe? Flat, Sphere, Saddle, etc.
มุมมอง 1.3Kปีที่แล้ว
What shape would you want the universe to be? 0:00 Intro 0:11 Parallel Lines 1:13 Triangle Angles 1:37 k Curvature 2:06 Density 2:49 Modern Research Sources & Resources: -Spergel et al. 2003, First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)* Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters -Chudaykin et al. 2021, Constraints on the curvature of the Universe and dynamical dark energy...
What is Gravitational Lensing?
มุมมอง 207ปีที่แล้ว
A brief overview of gravitational lensing, the Einstein angle, and Einstein rings 0:00: Intro 0:35: Lensing 1:02: Gravitational Lensing 1:45: Einstein Angle 2:50: Einstein Ring Sources: -Prof. Jessica Lu, Stellar Physics, U.C. Berkeley -JWST, webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2019/news-2019-41 -ESA/Hubble & NASA, esahubble.org/images/potw1151a/ Intro and Outro: "Astronaut in the Ocean" b...
The Galaxy Rotation Curve: An Indication of Dark Matter
มุมมอง 2.4Kปีที่แล้ว
We've only been trying to figure out what dark matter is for the last century... 0:00 Intro 0:13 Parameters 1:30 Limitations Sources: -ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept17/Freese/Freese2.html -www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04665-6 -ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept16/Sofue/Sofue3.html Intro and Outro: "Astronaut in the Ocean" by Masked Wolf, beats by FaMusic
Asteroids vs Meteors vs Comets
มุมมอง 134ปีที่แล้ว
On the rocks or just icy? 0:00 Intro 0:20 Asteroids 0:52 Comets 1:11 Meteor(oids) 2:06 Definitions Sources -Dr. David R. Williams, NSSDCA (nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html) -Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology (Second Edition) (doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820585-3.00002-8) Intro and Outro: "Astronaut in the Ocean" by Masked Wolf, beats by FaMusic
The Bohr Model
มุมมอง 1522 ปีที่แล้ว
Sometimes being a physicist means being a Bohr… 0:00 Bohr Model 0:45 Electrons Per Shell 0:56 Energy 2:26 Lyman, Balmer, Paschen 3:00 Example 4:04 Shortcomings Sources: -An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, Second Edition, Caroll B.W, Ostlie D.A. -Professor Langsam, Brooklyn College, eilat.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/cis1_5/old hws/hw2d_c.htm Intro and Outro: "Astronaut in the Ocean" by Masked Wol...
Compton Scattering: Explanation and Derivation
มุมมอง 12K2 ปีที่แล้ว
In physics, it often helps to start with a picture. NOTE: There is a mistake at 2:26! The energy of the electron after collision should include the electron's initial energy. In algebraic terms, E_e^2 = E_0^2 (p_e⋅c)^2. You should get an (m_0⋅c^2)^2 term on both sides of the equation, which cancels out. 0:00 Intro 0:10 Compton Scattering, a Doodle 0:55 ∆λ and θ 1:35 Conservation of Energy 2:40 ...
From Giant to Dwarf: The Death of Smallish Stars
มุมมอง 3652 ปีที่แล้ว
From small to big and back again 0:00 Intro 0:18 C'mon Griffith 0:34 Hydrogen Fusion 1:08 Giants and Nebulas 1:56 Dwarfs 2:35 16 Sec Summary 2:51 HR Diagram Sources: -Althaus, L.G., Córsico, A.H., Isern, J. et al. Evolutionary and pulsational properties of white dwarf stars. Astron Astrophys Rev 18, 471-566 (2010). doi.org/10.1007/s00159-010-0033-1 -NASA (imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/d...
Understanding JWST's First Images: What's so Important About the Fabulous Five?
มุมมอง 4462 ปีที่แล้ว
This is data visualization at its finest. 0:00 The Fab Five 0:46 SMACS 0723 2:16 Southern Ring Nebula 3:00 WASP-96b 3:58 Stephan’s Quintet 4:56 Carina Nebula(ish) 5:32 Furthermore Sources & Resources: -MIRI: ESA and JPL -NIRCam: University of Arizona and Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Technology Center -Webb Space Telescope Instrumentation: (www.stsci.edu/jwst/instrumentation/instruments) Images: w...
Heat Transfer Within Stars: Radiation and Convection
มุมมอง 2K2 ปีที่แล้ว
I finally got around to establishing a separate webpage for the AstroNaught articles! If you'd like to read (rather than watch) any video or just check out some memes, you can access all the channel content in the "Articles" link at the top of the page. A collection of useful heat transfer equations: spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys370/lectures/convec/convec.html 0:00 Intro 0:12 Heat Transfer 1:36 Op...
Right Ascension and Declination: The Equatorial Coordinate System
มุมมอง 5K2 ปีที่แล้ว
Right Ascension and Declination: The Equatorial Coordinate System
Sagittarius A*: How did we Observe a Black Hole Before Taking a Picture?
มุมมอง 1952 ปีที่แล้ว
Sagittarius A*: How did we Observe a Black Hole Before Taking a Picture?
The Doppler Effect: Redshift, Blueshift, and Why to Give a Shift
มุมมอง 4.4K2 ปีที่แล้ว
The Doppler Effect: Redshift, Blueshift, and Why to Give a Shift
How Do We Calculate Parallax Angle in the First Place?
มุมมอง 4.7K2 ปีที่แล้ว
How Do We Calculate Parallax Angle in the First Place?
The Virial Theorem: Derivation and Example
มุมมอง 6K2 ปีที่แล้ว
The Virial Theorem: Derivation and Example
Equation of State: Relating Pressure, Temperature, and Volume.
มุมมอง 6292 ปีที่แล้ว
Equation of State: Relating Pressure, Temperature, and Volume.
Hydrostatic Equilibrium: Explanation and Equations
มุมมอง 6K2 ปีที่แล้ว
Hydrostatic Equilibrium: Explanation and Equations
What's the Difference Between a Bomb and a Star?
มุมมอง 702 ปีที่แล้ว
What's the Difference Between a Bomb and a Star?
Stellar Populations and the HR Diagram (Explained Through a Betta Fish)
มุมมอง 2452 ปีที่แล้ว
Stellar Populations and the HR Diagram (Explained Through a Betta Fish)
can you be asked to derive this 1st law in exam
Thanks
Thanks.
How can this be? If ypur using the fact that earth is not stationary to calculate this, do you take into account that the object your looking at are not stationary. Objects closer to the center of the galaxy move faster. And things closer to you move with you but are still slightly faster or slower.
Nowhere have I found how Kepler derived this law. He didn't have the benefit of Newton's laws
YOU FAILED TO EXPLAIN HOW THE ANGLE IS DETERMINED!!!!!!!!!!
The into audio is enough to describe how cool u are
Thank you so much!!!!!! You're amazing
Appreciable. I'm a UG at IIT Bh. and would suggest everyone to watch it. Why ? Cause shortest duration, precise and accurately to the topic points.
1:58 how we got 1/2 Inverse square law is -2? How?
Since I found Astro's explanation a bit confusing, I would like to add some clarification about the tiny error at around 2:26: The energy of the electron after scattering, according to relativistic mechanics would actually be E_e = sqrt[(m0^2)c^4 + (p_e*c)^2]. This would also give you the motivation behind squaring all the terms in the Energy Equation AND as to why we divided everything by c^2, while getting rid of the extra (m_0*c^2)^2 arising from the error. In any case, keep up the great content AstroNaught!! It was a nice video.
Nope, if the frequency changing is the pitch changing - not amplitude (loudness) . Sad because the graphics are good. You sound like Physics girl!
#subscribed
very nice concept explaination
ิฮ๊าฟฟู่ว
Thanks
I'm getting prepared for astronomy olympiads and competitions.Would you recommend books,websites or anything that can be helpful???
I wish you had hundreds of videos, I loveeeeeee watching your videos. Thank you for everything!!!🌠🌚🪐🌍
It's always great seeing another video from this channel
Thank you! I love hearing this
Why we consider r as constant
Caus r value doesn't depend on things like gravitation force or any other thing, just the distance between two bodies which is going to be constant throughout out the motion,( for a particular point due to the geometry of ellipse)
@@ashajadaun1564yeah it's distance
This was cool!
thanks for simple explanation ma'am.
Don’t waste your time she didn’t explain anything 😂
To answer your point. The parallax angle is the distance the star moves on the equatorial grid system which is what she drew when she showed the sphere encircling the Earth. Essentially all stars have a definite spot on the grid system since it is tied the the stars instead of the Earth's Horizon, anyway when the star appears to move it's position on the grid system the distance it moves is measured in the angular measurements of degrees, minutes, and seconds of arc. which is an angle since you are measuring the movement on a sphere rather than a plane. That distance star moves on the equatorial grid system due to the parallax effect is the parallax angle. I have been studying astronomy for years and have had to figure this out the hard way, which seems crazy considering the number of videos on the subject on the internet. Hope this further helps you.
Excelent video! Thanks
Lot of errors at 2:26 and at 4:15 what happened to the (p-p') that was in multiplication of m_o C?
Hello, I made a note of this in a previous comment, but I apologize for not making it clearer. Please see the pinned comment. I will also add it to the description of this video, so hopefully it can be spotted more easily!
What if this observed "fast" matter just flew in from intergalactic space and it's being slowly pulled in towards centre? It's moving faster than matter we see clumped up in galactic spiral. It clumps up - shines up - and speed drops. As if there is just cold, inert, low density matter zooming around that's hard to detect until it starts to interact with gravity of a galaxy. So key points are that this matter is faster than what we see in a galaxy and gravity is just like give that here u coming in... heh Tell me how wrong I am. please
Hey I have a question. How did you reach the yellow inverse equation at 3:29? Incredible video btw
This is a formula: ∫1/(a^2-x^2)dx=arcsin(x/a)+C And we also know that: -arcsin(x)=arccos(x)-pi/2 Hence, I think you can they are equal because of C, the constant in the integral.
Ósom!!
cool video! Finally I understand why the mirrors on The Hubble Telescope were so essential, so that NASA had to repair them to have undistorted images - since even slight distortions cause false estimations of the parallax angle
Incredible explanation!!!
Are you astronaut
Perfect!!
Beautiful video, straight to the point and super informative. This video is truly a gem
Here is the explanation for galaxy rotation curves/dark matter SHORT VERSION - General Relativity predicts dilation, not singularities. Mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. Dilation will occur wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass including the centers of very high mass stars and the centers of the overwhelming majority of galaxy centers. The mass at the center of our own galaxy is dilated, in other words that mass is all around us. LONG VERSION - Einstein is known to have repeatedly said that singularities are not possible. In the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics" he wrote - "The essential result of this investigation is a clear understanding as to why the Schwarzchild singularities (Schwarzchild was the first to raise the issue of G.R predicting singularites) do not exist in physical reality. Although the theory given here treats only clusters (star clusters) whose particles move along circular paths it does seem to be subject to reasonable doubt that more general cases will have analogous results. The Schwarzchild singularities do not appear for the reason that matter cannot be concentrated arbitrarily. And this is due to the fact that otherwise the constituting particles would reach the velocity of light." He was referring to the phenomenon of dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. It's the phenomenon behind the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light". Time dilation is just one aspect of dilation, it's not just time that gets dilated. A graph illustrates its squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light. Dilation is the original and correct explanation for why we cannot see light from the galactic center. Dilation will occur wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass because high mass means high momentum. There is no singularity at the center of our galaxy. It can be inferred mathematically that dilation is occurring there. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate that we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. More precisely, everywhere you point is equally valid. The "missing mass" needed to explain galaxy rotation curves is dilated mass. Dilation does not occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. It has recently been confirmed in 6 very low mass galaxies to have no dark matter, in other words they have normal/predictable star rotation rates. This also explains why all planets and all binary stars have normal rotation rates, not 3 times normal. There was clarity in astronomy before television and movies popularized singularities beginning in the 1960's. The concept of singularities was not taught in schools prior to 1960. Nobody believed in them when Einstein was alive including Planck, Bohr, Schrodinger, Dirac, Heisenberg, Feynman etc.
This stuff is epic. Please keep uploading❤.
thanks
thanks
Good though too fast
if you could have explained the purple equation at 1:16 that would be great. I think I was able to justify it, but that involved squaring vectors, and it was weird.
x=r cos, y=r sin calculate x'^2+y'^2 (derivative then square) to get the velocity components
Great, amazing video!! So how do we measure the parallax angle again?
To answer your point. The parallax angle is the distance the star moves on the equatorial grid system which is what she drew when she showed the sphere encircling the Earth. Essentially all stars have a definite spot on the grid system since it is tied the the stars instead of the Earth's Horizon, anyway when the star appears to move it's position on the grid system the distance it moves is measured in the angular measurements of degrees, minutes, and seconds of arc. which is an angle since you are measuring the movement on a sphere rather than a plane. That distance star moves on the equatorial grid system due to the parallax effect is the parallax angle. I have been studying astronomy for years and have had to figure this out the hard way, which seems crazy considering the number of videos on the subject on the internet. Hope this further helps you.
@@terrencemartin7847 Wow! I am not too dumb of a guy but for the life of me couldn't this figure out till I read your post. I think the parallax videos don't touch upon this enough. Now, is there a video which explains the Math behind how you exactly convert grid distance to parallax angle? Is this the right ascension and declination stuff?
Can you please make a video on -"the effect of rotation of earth on g"
I’ll keep it in mind!
Superb and concise explanation💯
The problem of modern physics is they're trying to explain everything with particle physics and wave mechanics . Now, the physics is being cornered more and more to the dead end. To escape the dead end, they just invent or design another imaginary particle. They invent new imaginary energy, new imaginary matter and they even invent new law of physics in vain instead of trying to revise their way to approach to the problem. There's "No Dark Energy". There's "No Dark Matter". Energy is conserved. There's "No Dark Universe". Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Gravity, Antigravity, Void... all these are just joint effects of the expansion of the Universe and the curvature of spacetime. I agree to the idea that the interaction between mass and space must be explained with quantum mechanics. But that doesn't mean gravity is the QM phenomena. That's because gravity is not a force. Details are given below. Einstein’s theory of General Relativity states that spacetime is curved by the presence of mass. This curvature influences the motion other objects with mass and gives rise to gravitation. Thus, gravity is a result of geometric features in spacetime. However, we also observe gravitational effects - curvature of spacetime - in areas without any detectable mass. This has given rise to the concept of dark matter, which is matter that does not interact in any detectable way with normal matter, except through gravity. So, there is some large quantity of dark matter scattered throughout the universe, which curves spacetime and causes gravitational effects just like normal matter, but we cannot see or detect it with any known method. An alternative theory to the identity of dark matter is proposed - it is not matter at all, but rather an intrinsic curvature of spacetime. In other words, spacetime is not naturally flat. Even in the absence of matter, we observe some inherent curvature of spacetime. So, the question is now - why is spacetime naturally curved? Why is it not flat in the absence of mass? The universe is 4-dimensional, with 3 spatial dimensions and one dimension in time. Rather than consider time as a linear dimension, we can consider it as a radial one. Therefore, rather than describing the universe with a Cartesian coordinate system, we describe it with a 4-dimensional spherical coordinate system - 3 angular coordinates, φ1, φ2, φ3, and one radial coordinate in time, t. We live on the 3-dimensional surface of a 4-dimensional bubble which is expanding radially in time. Thus, the Big Bang represents t=0, the beginning of time. The crucial point is that the expansion of the universe is not homogeneous in all directions. The expansion rate at one point on the bubble’s surface may differ slightly from another point near it. The universe is only roughly spherical in 4 dimensions, the same way that the Earth is only roughly spherical in 3 dimensions. The same way we observe local mountains and valleys on the surface of Earth, we observe local “mountains” and “valleys” on the surface of the universe bubble. The inhomogeneity of the expansion of the universe has given rise to natural curvature of spacetime. This natural curvature causes the phenomenon of “dark matter”. “Valleys” in spacetime pull matter in, similarly to the warping of spacetime of massive objects. So “dark matter” is really “valleys” in spacetime that are expanding slower than the regions surrounding it. These valleys tend to pull matter in and create planets, stars, and galaxies - regions of space with higher-than-average densities of mass. Conversely, “mountains” in spacetime will repel matter away, an “anti-gravitational” effect, which gives rise to cosmic voids in space where we observe no matter. Each point on the surface of the universe bubble traces out a time arrow in 4-dimensional space, perpendicular to the surface. These time arrows are not parallel to each other since the universe is not flat. This causes points to have nonzero relative velocity away from each other. It is generally accepted that the universe is expanding faster than observable energy can explain, and this is expansion is believe to be still accelerating. The “missing” energy required to explain these observations has given rise to the theory of dark energy. The time dilation caused by non-parallel time arrows can be proposed as an explanation for dark energy. Alternatively, dark energy is real energy coming from potential energy gradients caused by non-parallel time arrows. As a sanity check, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe based on the universe bubble model. Since the radius of the universe bubble is expanding at the speed of light in the time direction, it increases at 1 light second per second. Therefore, the “circumference” of the 3-dimensional surface increases by 2π light seconds per second, or about 1.88*10^6 km/s. This expansion is distributed equally across the 3-dimensional surface, so the actual observed expansion rate is proportional to the distance from the observer. At present, the age of the universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years, so the radius of the universe bubble is 13.8 billion light years, or about 4233 megaparsecs (3.26 million light years to 1 Mpc). Thus, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe, per megaparsec from the observer, as: Expansion rate = ((d(circumference))/dt)/radiusofuniverse=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/(2π*4233Mpc)=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/26598Mpc=70.82(km⁄s)/Mpc The popularly accepted empirical expansion rate is 73.5 +/- 2.5 km/s/Mpc, so our calculated value is close. There may be some additional source of expansion (or observed red shift) to make up for the discrepancy. For example, if two adjacent points have some gravitational gradient due to non-parallel time arrows, then light passing through these points will be red-shifted. - Cited from www.academia.edu/82481487/Title_Alternative_Explanation_of_Dark_Matter_and_Dark_Energy
Can it be that it's just planets? They are very hard to detect. What if there are just a lot of planets in some galaxies and they add to the gravity and mass of it all?
We love the intro 😭
Its an axis, not an oxis.
Great video! Keep it up :)
Appreciate it!
Hello the class of Parker Harrison Stonier currently in the ib program in France
This series is ..... quite interesting
Good job you save my 10 minutes 💙