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Dr Ben Yelverton
United Kingdom
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 11 พ.ย. 2020
Hello! On this channel, I share educational videos about Physics & Maths. I studied at Cambridge for 8 years, first gaining an MSci in Natural Sciences (specialising in Physics) and then a PhD in Astronomy. During my PhD, I also worked as a Physics supervisor for four different Cambridge colleges. Now, I'm working as a private tutor, teaching Physics & Maths up to A Level standard. More information here: benyelverton.com/
Spinning ball bouncing off a rough surface
A ball spinning at high angular velocity falls from height h onto a rough horizontal surface. It reaches a maximum height of kh during its subsequent motion as a projectile. If the coefficient of friction between the ball and the surface is μ, how far does the ball travel horizontally before its next bounce?
Some similar problems:
- Maximising bounce height for a ball hitting a step: th-cam.com/video/tVVNjnAxMzs/w-d-xo.html
- Minimum velocity for a ball to climb a step: th-cam.com/video/nyu01GgBURI/w-d-xo.html
- Minimum force to push a wheel over a step: th-cam.com/video/wM397Rgyvg0/w-d-xo.html
About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During my PhD, I also spent four years teaching Physics undergraduates at the university. Now, I'm working as a private tutor, teaching Physics & Maths up to A Level standard.
My website: benyelverton.com/
#physics #mathematics #projectilemotion #friction #range #restitution #rotation #angularvelocity #newtonslaws #forces #impulse #momentum #velocity #maths #math #science #education
Some similar problems:
- Maximising bounce height for a ball hitting a step: th-cam.com/video/tVVNjnAxMzs/w-d-xo.html
- Minimum velocity for a ball to climb a step: th-cam.com/video/nyu01GgBURI/w-d-xo.html
- Minimum force to push a wheel over a step: th-cam.com/video/wM397Rgyvg0/w-d-xo.html
About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During my PhD, I also spent four years teaching Physics undergraduates at the university. Now, I'm working as a private tutor, teaching Physics & Maths up to A Level standard.
My website: benyelverton.com/
#physics #mathematics #projectilemotion #friction #range #restitution #rotation #angularvelocity #newtonslaws #forces #impulse #momentum #velocity #maths #math #science #education
มุมมอง: 2 886
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Particle on a sliding wedge, using Lagrangian mechanics
มุมมอง 1.1Kหลายเดือนก่อน
Solving for the time evolution of a particle sliding on a smooth wedge, which in turn slides on a smooth horizontal surface. We also consider some interesting limiting cases of the resulting solutions, to help gain some physical intuition! To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During m...
Why does pair production occur near nuclei?
มุมมอง 594หลายเดือนก่อน
By considering the conservation of energy and momentum, we explain why pair production can only take place when another particle - often a nucleus - is nearby. To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During my PhD, I also spent four years teaching Physics undergraduates at the university...
Fusion temperature: importance of quantum tunnelling
มุมมอง 1.1Kหลายเดือนก่อน
Estimating the temperature required for nuclear fusion to occur, using two simple models, one classical and one quantum. Comparing the models shows that we need to invoke quantum tunnelling to obtain a realistic value for the temperature! To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During my...
Estimating the temperature of a star
มุมมอง 1.5K2 หลายเดือนก่อน
A quick energy-based method to estimate the temperature of a star given only its mass and radius. Although based on a simple model, the equation we derive shows surprisingly good agreement with the temperature of the Sun! To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During my PhD, I also spen...
Pressure inside a planet
มุมมอง 1.3K7 หลายเดือนก่อน
Finding the pressure inside a spherical planet as a function of radial distance from the centre, by integrating the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium. We assume a uniform density here, but the method can be generalised easily to the non-uniform case. Deriving the hydrostatic equilibrium condition: th-cam.com/video/rqE6psWXQLA/w-d-xo.html To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me...
Hydrostatic equilibrium: force-based derivation
มุมมอง 7427 หลายเดือนก่อน
Deriving the relationship between pressure gradient, density and gravitational field for a fluid in hydrostatic equilibrium, by considering the balance of forces acting on a small Cartesian fluid element. To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During my PhD, I also spent four years teac...
Fibonacci numbers and resistor networks
มุมมอง 9007 หลายเดือนก่อน
Exploring the relationship between the Fibonacci numbers and the effective resistances of ladder-like resistor networks, using recurrence relations. Full derivation of nth effective resistance: th-cam.com/video/8-Ow1KY0_0A/w-d-xo.html And the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence (note that this starts with 1, 1 instead of 1, 2, but is easily adaptable): th-cam.com/video/14pBNzI-yuw/w-d-xo.html Ab...
Finite resistor ladder: n repeating units
มุมมอง 9997 หลายเดือนก่อน
Finding the effective resistance of a ladder-like resistor network with a finite number of repeating units, n. We need to solve a non-linear recurrence relation, and along the way we make use of matrix diagonalization. At the end, we take the limit as n becomes infinite and see that the golden ratio makes an appearance. Simple derivation in the case of infinite n: th-cam.com/video/7i_PGNp7i1o/w...
Infinite ladder of resistors: general case
มุมมอง 3.4K7 หลายเดือนก่อน
Deriving an expression for the effective resistance of an infinite ladder-like resistor network, in the general case where the repeating unit contains three arbitrary resistors. We finish with some special cases, and see how the golden ratio turns up in the solution. About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During my PhD, I also spent...
When is angular momentum not parallel to angular velocity?
มุมมอง 2.4K8 หลายเดือนก่อน
Developing some intuition about the direction of a rigid body's angular momentum, with the aid of some examples. We focus particularly on the case when angular momentum and angular velocity are in different directions, and discuss how to understand this scenario in terms of applied torque. The discussion is purely in terms of vector cross products, without referring to the inertia tensor. The t...
Understanding surface tension in liquids
มุมมอง 2.1K8 หลายเดือนก่อน
Here we discuss two different (but equivalent) ways of understanding surface tension in liquids, in terms of both forces and energy. We finish by explaining how surface tension causes liquid droplets to take on a spherical shape in the absence of external forces. To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a Ph...
Pressure required to inflate a balloon
มุมมอง 3.3K9 หลายเดือนก่อน
Why does it become easier to inflate a balloon once it grows beyond a certain size? Here we develop a simple model to find the excess pressure required to inflate the balloon to an arbitrary radius r, and use the result to gain some understanding of this effect. Deriving the equation Δp = 2γ/r: th-cam.com/video/CtUetjUX-yY/w-d-xo.html To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me: I s...
Laplace pressure in a bubble: derivation using forces
มุมมอง 2K9 หลายเดือนก่อน
By considering the balance of forces on a surface area element, we derive expressions for the excess pressure inside a spherical bubble in terms of the surface tension. We consider two different cases - a gas bubble surrounded by liquid, and a bubble surrounded by a thin liquid film floating in a gas. To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me: I studied Physics at the University o...
Single-slit diffraction using phasors
มุมมอง 8439 หลายเดือนก่อน
Using phasors to investigate the interference pattern I(θ) produced when a wave diffracts through a single slit of finite width a. To support the channel: ko-fi.com/benyelverton About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During my PhD, I also spent four years teaching Physics undergraduates at the university. Now, I'm working as a priva...
Double-slit interference with phasors
มุมมอง 1.3K9 หลายเดือนก่อน
Double-slit interference with phasors
Temperature of a planet with an atmosphere: the greenhouse effect
มุมมอง 6999 หลายเดือนก่อน
Temperature of a planet with an atmosphere: the greenhouse effect
Dust grain heated by a star: equilibrium temperature
มุมมอง 5869 หลายเดือนก่อน
Dust grain heated by a star: equilibrium temperature
Collision between spheres: general result
มุมมอง 1.1K10 หลายเดือนก่อน
Collision between spheres: general result
Why do particles of equal mass rebound at 90 degrees?
มุมมอง 3.5K10 หลายเดือนก่อน
Why do particles of equal mass rebound at 90 degrees?
Drag forces and the Reynolds number: intuitive understanding
มุมมอง 1.4K10 หลายเดือนก่อน
Drag forces and the Reynolds number: intuitive understanding
Why can orbital and spin angular momenta be added?
มุมมอง 2.1K11 หลายเดือนก่อน
Why can orbital and spin angular momenta be added?
Why does Kapitza's pendulum oscillate upside down?
มุมมอง 3.4K11 หลายเดือนก่อน
Why does Kapitza's pendulum oscillate upside down?
What is the electric displacement field?
มุมมอง 11Kปีที่แล้ว
What is the electric displacement field?
Bound charge density: why does ρ = -∇⋅P?
มุมมอง 3.1Kปีที่แล้ว
Bound charge density: why does ρ = -∇⋅P?
Polarisation and surface charge: why does σ = P⋅n?
มุมมอง 3.5Kปีที่แล้ว
Polarisation and surface charge: why does σ = P⋅n?
Angle at which particle leaves sphere: force-free method
มุมมอง 1.8Kปีที่แล้ว
Angle at which particle leaves sphere: force-free method
Ball and chain projected up a rough inclined plane
มุมมอง 1.6Kปีที่แล้ว
Ball and chain projected up a rough inclined plane
Coiled chain falling off the edge of a table
มุมมอง 2.3Kปีที่แล้ว
Coiled chain falling off the edge of a table
I don’t get why E inside like in the middle isn’t drawn??? It should be proportional to D-P and because like I understand D is zero inside and the E should be -P inside then? If I’m wrong please correct me and if I’m right why didn’t you draw the lines inside in the middle?
great explanation of why m+dm instead of m-dm.
excellent approach, thanx Dr Ben....however i could use a little voice loudness...i was barely hearing you with the computer volume on Max....so this means i really found your video useful and interesting till the end despite my suffering lol.
Very cool
Could you discuss about optics in the upcoming videos? My test on my physics camp is about diffraction 😊
Thank you! This is the infinitesimal derivation I was looking for.
this is honestly my favourite youtube video ever. thank you so much.
That's very kind! Thanks and I'm glad you enjoyed the video.
Another problem could be to properly solve for kh, I remember doing it 2 years back, and the results surprised me. Both components of velocity after collision are independant of radius of the ball, so any problem where a ball is spinning and collides with a surface, or even not spinning and collides obliquely with a surface has to be dealt with properly by finding angular velocities after collision and taking care of rotational energy and energy loss when it is slipping against the surface during collision, NO MATTER HOW SMALL THE BALL IS. Any problem that tells you to ignore these effects by assuming the ball is small is essentially made in the wrong light. Very interesting I might say.
Interesting - solve for kh given what information?
@@DrBenYelverton As far as I remember, only h is given, coeffecient of friction mu and rotational velocity omega. I think we may also need coeffecient of restitution. It could be that I am remembering incorrectly. I will whip up my past notes and repost here.
Can someone explain to my why assuming conservation of angular momentum and assuming the ball will stop are not at odds? Surely if the ball stops it has no angular momentum about the pivot point (or any point) However the AM is clearly nonzero before contact? (I have a final tomorrow so if anyone can tell me quickly thay would be grreeat!)
We are equating the angular momentum immediately before and immediately after the moment of impact - not the angular momentum once it's come to a stop. It wouldn't be valid to say that the angular momentum is the same once the ball has climbed the step, because the weight exerts a torque on the ball during its ascent.
3:20 What about torque due Mg?
We are equating the angular momentum immediately before and immediately after the moment of impact. These two times are separated by an infinitesimally small time interval, so the change in angular momentum due to the torque produced by the weight is negligible.
@DrBenYelverton what about the torque of the friction with the ground? I feel that it will hinder the angular momentum conservation...
بتبرم كتيير لسانك طويل
Why can't we simply equate the rotational and translational kinetic energy prior to the collision to potential energy after?
It's very refreshing to watch these contents of yours. Thanks
Love your content .thanks for sharing ❤
You're my hero
That's very kind! I'm glad you are enjoying the videos.
This is ipho 1990 !!!!
Oh, interesting!
Still wrestling with the fact that initial angular velocity or acceleration does not change the horizontal distance.( In tennis for example is obvious that it does(?))
We're assuming that the angular velocity is high enough that the surface of the ball scrapes against the surface for the entire time it's in contact. Presumably tennis balls are not usually spinning fast enough to enter this regime, so the result from the video doesn't apply. If you want to make this quantitative - have a look through the video comments and you'll find an overview of a method we could use to estimate the minimum angular velocity for which the result is valid.
Wow! Thank you, professor! I hope one day I get such a physical intuition as yourself, so that I could solve hard problems like this. If not for this video, it would've taken me months to come out with your solution! Are there any tips you would want to share to this end? Or is it just time and doing lots and lots of physics? Haha! I send you my highest regards! I love your channel!
Thanks for your kind words, I'm glad you're enjoying the videos! It really is just a result of many years of studying (and teaching) Physics - keep going, practise solving problems and maintain your curiosity - you'll get there!
Well done, thanks!
Thanks professor Ben for sharing this question physics. From the Brazil here
Thanks for watching!
Nice problem but the whole "ignore \delta t" thing seems a little deus ex machina. Don't you need some kind of estimate of \delta t to justify your neglecting of it? And its magnitude would strongly depend on the value of \mu, I think, as well as maybe trickier stuff like the modulus of compressibility.
Great video! Now it will be interesting to consider non uniform mass distribution in the chain or the case where different parts of the chain are accelerating at different rates. Your thoughts?
Thanks! A non-uniform mass distribution would definitely be interesting to consider, but how would we end up with a situation where different parts of the chain are accelerating at different rates? This would imply relative motion between different parts of the chain, which in turn implies that it would be getting longer or shorter - so the "chain" in that case would really be more like a massive elastic rope.
Interesting that the situation naturally imposes constraints on k. E= hmg KE (post) = ½m(v²+w²) v²= 2ghk; w² =μ²2gh(1+sqrtk)² KE = mgh(k+μ²+2μ²sqrtk+μ²k) <= hmg ==> k(1+μ²)+2μ²sqrt(k)+μ²‐1<=0 ==> sqrt(k) <= (1-μ²)/(1+μ²) = -1+2/(1+μ²) ~ 1-2μ²
There's also rotational KE that should really be included in those equations! The angular velocity after the bounce will depend on the angular impulse the ball receives, and hence the ball's radius will end up making an appearance too.
It seems to me that the fact about the time interval related to the contact with the ball and the ground should be mentioned in the problem's heading too. Something like "the time the ball is in contact with the ground is very small" . Anyways, great video, it is a very challenging problem 😊😊
Thank you so much for the help sir ❤
It was a very interesting problem! You should be able to solve the final part of the question (about the minimum angular velocity required) using a method outlined by one of the other commenters on this video.
8:24 how can we do this calculation and what information would we need ?
You could model the ball as a spring and use its effective spring constant to find the time taken for all KE to be converted to EPE, then back into KE. As for how to estimate the effective spring constant, I assume it could be done if you knew the radius and thickness of the ball and the Young's modulus of the material, but it's not obvious to me how you'd put this all together!
This is all in the absence of drag/air forces right? Could be interesting to include the Magnus force which propels the object forwards as it rotates. Does there exist an angular velocity where the magnus force pulls it back to where it was dropped from? Also, by assuming negligible contact time with the ground, does this mean the angular velocity of the ball doesn’t change? What’s the minimum angular velocity for skidding? So many questions sorry! It’s an interesting problem as always. Let me try answering my own qs: If contact time is zero, there is a horizontal impulse on the ball at the ground equal to mw. Therefore there is an angular impulse (change in angular momentum) of mwr, where r is the radius of the ball. So using angular momentum, mwr = I(omega_0 - omega), and we can solve for omega after the bounce so yes it changes. My guess: if we let omega equal zero, we can solve for the minimum allowable omega_0 to stay skidding.
Questions are always welcome, it's part of what makes posting videos interesting! Including the Magnus force would certainly complicate the equation of motion as you now have an additional force which is always perpendicular to the velocity. I'm not sure if this ends up being possible to solve analytically, but will give it a try when I get a chance. For your angular velocity question - I mostly agree with your solution, but should the condition to remain skidding perhaps be rω>w instead of ω>0?
@@DrBenYelverton Thanks for the response. For the magnus force, I think there is a closed form solution and I spent quite some time working it out, but the answers I got made no sense. Frustratingly, other people who have tried to work it out online have also made mistakes. I find it hard to believe nobody has done this analysis before, but I couldn't find any! In cartesian coordinates, the equations of motion I got for a falling anticlockwise-rotating cylinder are: mx'' = -ky' and my'' = kx' - mg where the magnitude of the Magnus force is |F| = k|v|. This can be solved on wolfram alpha but gives a solution with trig functions, rather than exponentials. Changing the sign of the first equation to +ky' gives exponential solutions that seem more realistic, but why the sign should be positive confuses me. Honestly, this might be worth a video!
Interesting - will put this on my to-do list!
@DrBenYelverton Btw, it would be really amazing if you also did some rigid body dynamics
In the final calculations as n approaches infinity, correct me if I'm wrong, but it appears you applied the limit partially, meaning you deemed the organs which wouldn't cancel out as ones approaching zero as n approached infinity, but did not do the same for those that did cancel each other out. I know that they didn't approach zero, but still, applying the limit calculation not on the entire expression is a bit mathematically questionable. I can see why that would be the final result, but if there is a more precise way of reaching it I'd be glad to know.
Where is this question taken from?
👍
in 10:13 shouldn't the Z component be 2vx cos(lamda)-g
thank you sooo much sir ❤❤
Thanks for watching, I'm glad it was helpful!
@DrBenYelverton sir kindly explain it through the ncert of class 11
Very cool! Thx!
Thanks doc, you're a life saver. I was trying to find a mistake in my calculation for hours and your video poped up after the search, solving it
Excellent, happy to help!
What is the free charge here?, Where it will be,1) inside the dielectric, if yes then it will be a conductor not a dielectric or 2) the outside charges that produce es the polarization in the dielectric, but why the name free?
Your option 2) is correct. The term can potentially be a bit misleading as the charges are not necessarily free to move, but that's the standard terminology!
OMG!!! Such an amazing explanation!!! Have'nt found a video that better explains this concept in such an easy way! Thanks a lot!!
Happy to hear that, I'm glad it was helpful!
Electronics & Telecomunication student here, while explanation is pretty clear and i understand where does it come from, im kinda confused. We had to made a model of cable with two parallel wires and find value of capacitance. The model is maded in FEMM and using values from program i get different value of capacitance and now im curious which value is closer to be real. Is there any way to find out? Using values from femm, im just dividing charge over voltage difference between two wires, is that good way or not?
My first thought is that maybe the approximation d >> a may not be valid in your model. Have you compared your value against the exact theoretical value involving cosh⁻¹? See: th-cam.com/video/X84MVLe3ip0/w-d-xo.html
My own understanding H = 1.028334744 meters .
Nice one! As you said it's doable using Newton's 2nd law, but tbh I prefer lagrangian mechanics for these type of problems (easier to manage the fact that the FOR relative to the slope is non-inertial), and it shows just how powerful it is here. Same stuff with coupled oscillators (springs, pendulums... we often had those in exams, I think once there was even a charged pendulum or smtg lol)
I agree! Thanks for watching.
11:00
I don't follow why you multiply |P| by delta x, delta y and delta z. Shouldn't it only be P times separation which is delta y. So shouldn't it only be |P|*delta y ?
The polarisation P is defined as dipole moment per unit volume, so we need to multiply P by the volume of the cuboid to get the dipole moment.
Well done, many thanks!
is it coincidence that the plane of potential zero is a sphere? If I had for example a grounded cube, how would that translate to the problem?
Well, not a total coincidence as we've chosen the charge and distance to be just right to make the potential zero on that sphere. But I suppose we are lucky in the sense that a spherical equipotential exists in the first place. It would be impossible to apply the method of images in the case of a cube - I can't imagine any arrangement of charges that would give a cube-shaped equipotential!