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Daniel
เข้าร่วมเมื่อ 8 ก.ย. 2013
Perfecting Polygonal Masonry: A New Explanation on the Ancient Engineers’ Construction Methods
Clay model demonstrating ancient stone wall construction. Many of these walls have been attributed to the Incan civilization in Peru and they have also found in places in Egypt, India and many other places. This is a demonstration of why I believe the stone nubs are there and their use. Also, I demonstrate how they could have achieved the precise tight joinery in the stonework
UPDATE July, ’24:
Thank you for all the comments. There are many great praises and critiques that I’d like to address.
1. Protrusions on Stones: Many have questioned why some protrusions were removed while others were not. There could be multiple reasons for this:
• Removing protrusions is time-consuming. In areas of the wall that are out of sight or covered, such as beneath a first-floor ceiling, the extra time and effort to remove them might not have been deemed necessary.
• They could have been used for a secondary purpose, such as hanging items or serving another function unrelated to their original use.
• It could also be that the civilization encountered some disaster or change in leadership during construction, which could’ve led to other priorities outside of completing some structures.
2. Natural Stone Fractures and Quarrying: A common comment relates to the ability to split off long layers of stone from a quarry. There are pictures and videos showing natural fractures in exposed rock outcrops (search on the internet: “Exposed Rock Outcrop Fracture”). Although such outcrops are not common today, I believe they were more prevalent in the past. Similar to other natural resources, the easily accessible ones were used first, much like early oil reserves compared to today’s deeper reserves that require more complex extraction methods like fracking. Another observation of mine is that this might be why they had to bring these stones from great distances. Early civilizations likely traveled long distances to find stone outcrops with favorable natural fractures.
3. Consistent Grain Pattern Through Each Stone: This could be the Achilles’ heel to this theory. However, if this technique works precisely, it may not be necessary to abut neighboring stones to their original placement. It could be that some of the stones we see are placed back in the order from where they fell naturally, but there could be others that were not in the original location or order to their adjacent stones. This could explain why some polygonal fittings are more precise than others.
Although I believe this theory is original, I’m not married to it and have no stake in it. I hope someone smarter than me can provide a better explanation. Like many of you, I don’t believe that these protrusions were used as props to hold the stones up while they were being chiseled, nor do I believe that it was some super-advanced technology.
It’s been a couple of years since I made this video, and I hope to create another soon to delve deeper into how I believe these stones were chiseled efficiently using dolomite stones with small crews of labor.
UPDATE July, ’24:
Thank you for all the comments. There are many great praises and critiques that I’d like to address.
1. Protrusions on Stones: Many have questioned why some protrusions were removed while others were not. There could be multiple reasons for this:
• Removing protrusions is time-consuming. In areas of the wall that are out of sight or covered, such as beneath a first-floor ceiling, the extra time and effort to remove them might not have been deemed necessary.
• They could have been used for a secondary purpose, such as hanging items or serving another function unrelated to their original use.
• It could also be that the civilization encountered some disaster or change in leadership during construction, which could’ve led to other priorities outside of completing some structures.
2. Natural Stone Fractures and Quarrying: A common comment relates to the ability to split off long layers of stone from a quarry. There are pictures and videos showing natural fractures in exposed rock outcrops (search on the internet: “Exposed Rock Outcrop Fracture”). Although such outcrops are not common today, I believe they were more prevalent in the past. Similar to other natural resources, the easily accessible ones were used first, much like early oil reserves compared to today’s deeper reserves that require more complex extraction methods like fracking. Another observation of mine is that this might be why they had to bring these stones from great distances. Early civilizations likely traveled long distances to find stone outcrops with favorable natural fractures.
3. Consistent Grain Pattern Through Each Stone: This could be the Achilles’ heel to this theory. However, if this technique works precisely, it may not be necessary to abut neighboring stones to their original placement. It could be that some of the stones we see are placed back in the order from where they fell naturally, but there could be others that were not in the original location or order to their adjacent stones. This could explain why some polygonal fittings are more precise than others.
Although I believe this theory is original, I’m not married to it and have no stake in it. I hope someone smarter than me can provide a better explanation. Like many of you, I don’t believe that these protrusions were used as props to hold the stones up while they were being chiseled, nor do I believe that it was some super-advanced technology.
It’s been a couple of years since I made this video, and I hope to create another soon to delve deeper into how I believe these stones were chiseled efficiently using dolomite stones with small crews of labor.
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Removing Pipe Bollards From a Parking Lot
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I believe this is the first time this new technique was used. We had to come up with something on the spur as the normal method was not working on these very deeply embedded pipes. DO NOT TRY THIS AT HOME
Rubish idea
The only problem is with the odd shapes that are not square that fot together, but good video
This is not the kind of engineering for an ancient tool I'm expecting hehehe
I'm with you hammers not logical
Not even close.
volcanic granite/basalt viscous clay can be cured into a solid stone in less than a week but can't be reverted back to viscous condition unless you add some crude oil to the viscous clay so the sulfur (used to soften stones) won't turn it into a porous pumice - hope that helps!
Human ingenuity will figure this out. Great work - test it asap, on real Sandstone or granite. This doesn't work for what I just saw at one SE Asian temple in Cambodia. Countless polygonal walls... with NO grooves showing break points from tools, and multiple corners.. (8 - 12... at least) Not 4 as you would expect with a rectangle)... EVERY stone a different shape... The stones average about 500 to 1000 lbs... each... (at least) and nearly each on has bas relief carvings or impressions.
Nope
I collect granite countertops to crush up and using concrete. Let me tell you one thing granite is fucking hard as shit. Can’t scratch that shit with metal about the stainless steel buffer thing just to send the surface finish. Nope it just left metal all over the granite. the granite is harder than stainless steel, that rock is too thick. That’s scoring a surface line would not make it just crack foot back perfectly straight. You could get the rocks to break apart where they could be piece together and if you broke the rock, obviously, it would fit back no matter how it broke apart but it wouldn’t break apart necessarily a perfect, 90° angles like your clay model Work with rock it’s such a different material i’m not trying to knock you. I’m trying to work with you, but I don’t think that personally you’re 100% right and neither do I think you’re 100% wrong so I think it’s part of the journey and finding out the truth answer but I don’t know
These came to mind. The striations don't line up from stone to stone. Also, something hard protruding placed on the ground before letting the block composite would achieve similar results.
I’ve built with wood and I’ve built with stone….In all the years I can never remember an instance where precision was required that didn’t also require intention, planning and care! Not to mention the specialized tools involved with such precision! I wanna see an example of an impact fractured rock(granite, basalt, limestone, etc) that can be seamlessly reassembled, using any method, using modern tools or archaic!
I’m not.saying that the manufacturing process didn’t start the way you describe…I’m just saying the finishing process is the mystery…my guess is you are right about the stones coming from the same general outcrop, maybe even in the same basic configuration in which the rocks were quarried….but the joints and contact surfaces between the rocks had to be shaped and polished…then essentially the negative of that surface has to be copied to the adjacent block precisely to seamlessly fit with it….you are right some blocks’ joints are not so tight, it those are blocks towards the top of the walls where blocks have freedom to move, thousands of years of seismic activity will eventually nudge even these walls….but I would wager if one excavated and was able to move said blocks and reassemble the wall its tolerances would be the same as the rest….it truly is a mystery….one that we could not easily match today certainly not without precision c&c machines and expensive cad software that’s hasn’t even been produced…3d printers could perform the task, but I don’t think we can print natural stone yet….how else could it be done with modern manufacturing techniques?
Easy to say at your desk…I work with stone, I don’t quarry it, it when you break a rock you will never get it to fit back together all but seamlessly, because the fractures aren’t clean they are diffuse not smooth…stone tools could not have done this work, I’m confident in making that assertion. I don’t know what they used or the method but I can say with almost certainty it wasn’t stone tools and it wasn’t pounding them on the surface of the stones like the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities has illustrated!
And keep in mind these joints aren’t just tight fitting on the exposed surface these blocks also fit for the entire depth of the stone all the way to the rear of the blocks…they fit just as tight even on the unexposed surfaces otherwise the walls would settle forward and backwards.
Haha they are precise on accidentt…are you sure you’re not an Egyptologist? According to them all the unexplainable precision and complexity was all unintentional….
No way
you were on the right track using a clay modal representing a polymer building material
silly
The idea is not stupid, but it's not the way they built their buildings.
No way
Ecept the worked with the stone. Stone not a clay 😢
What about the 12 angled stone or the dozens of other stones that are not simple squares, i don't thinks this explanation works.
The problem is that there are rocks like this weighing more than 1000 tons, it would still be a problem to explain how to stack something with that weight after being dropped, it doesn't make sense.
stick to playing with clay, it fits your level of development...
I think it was their intention. Same as all the other perfect polygonal construction around the world 5:26
Wow, awesome how simple things can sometimes be
How the fudge did they sheer the cliff side?😳 your theory makes sense though
What a stupid idea spend all that carving the face ,somehow they chop it off the cliff face let it fall HOPEING it brakes into bits .now theve put in hundreds of hours to get these pieces, oh wait a minute !! Why don't we stop !! And dont knock it over it looks great as it is ?
Very Plausible Theory, finally someone has a reasonable idea
Liquid Geopolyer, the nubs are when the bags would rip from the weight. They just poured it into a mould, its very obvious in sacsayuman site.
Try thermite gavel rock and clay molding. Thermite gets to 2700deg. Inside gavel rock mix lowering temp. Stone melting cool solid. Any size stone can be made on-site in place, separate with clay. Thremite iron and aluminum are two important items in the melted rock. 🫠 working with hot baked brick. Any size any shape. Combine smelting copper thremite reactions green and contained copper. Iron will have magnetic stone. Done it. Try for yourself.
Sorry but this method was not used. Under each block of stone there is a chiselled out hole where the notch of the stone that sits on top fits into the hole which means it was not done this way. The notches on the outside of the stone served 2 purposes and they were much longer than as we see them now. The outer notches were used for rope or strops to lift the stones into position since you cannot put ropes anywhere else, additionally if you look at walls that have been taken apart for some reason if they are more than 2 blocks thick the notches on the outside also fit into the block next to it as the holes are chiselled out. If they end up on the outer walls they just chisel off the notches after they have lifted it into position which you can see the remains of the notches today.
I wanna source for this information I’ve never seen or dheard of this dorsal protrusion on the rocks to lock them into place..some have keystone cuts in the tops!
@ They learned due to the area suffers from earthquakes and also made the walls incline inwards. I was told by our guide.
This is a wind up right?
Nonsense mate.
geopolymer poured into a mold and dried. then the next mold was put next to it and poured. No heavy lifting no cutting stones. all poured
Nice work -
They probably used a pitch like material with sulfuric acid that can dissolve silicate rock structures. The process involved chemical reactions. Incans mined and definitely found sulfur pools. The joints have iron and sulfur trace elements. They probably used pyrite, plants and sulfuric acid as a fill for the seams. Over time it would fuse the rocks together. Ancient Chemistry.
If we buy your theory you’ve missed the hardest and complex part, they then moved these multi ton blocks from queries to the site and lifted them into place? Easy with your clay model but not with those multi ton stone blocks and hundreds of miles away
Look up the hardness of diorite. Then look up the hardness of modeling clay.
The "clay" consistency works but your methodology is flawed since any kind of stone tool work on hard rock is untenable at these scales. It's more likely that the rock was turned to it's moldable or possibly pourable consistency first, then put into bags for transport by apx block size. That block is put on top of the construction and it's own formability and weight fit it perfectly to the already re-hardened block it sits on, explaining the apparent precision. Then the bag or form is removed and finish work completed if necessary while it's in moldable state. The "nubs" I always assumed were a byproduct of how these blocks were transported, with the claylike rock forming into the depressions where perhaps carrying rods of some sort were used. Just a theory though, and totally dependent on the method for stone softening. It might be a sort of acoustic effect of some sort that could weaken molecular bonds locally and immediately while the field is applied, or perhaps a less "out there" technique using chemical recipe since lost to us. But one thing I'm fairly certain of is that it wasn't ten thousand slaves bashing away with hard stones or copper chisels.
Well at least you tried...even though it was at a 3rd grade level 😂.
Nope….. some of the stone weigh metric tons
"It just happens that they fit together perfectly." Yeah, ok.
No logical reason for the knobs the whole theory is whacked
You are so off is passed being funny
Ive been saying the same for a while now. However the grain would break easier horizontally with a lot of polygonal walls we see, so if you hacked out a trench six inch wide and eighteen inch deep, the top surface would be roughly flattened and the slab could be 5mtrs x 3mtrs surrounded by the trench. Wedges could be used to split the slab off the bedrock and to get the polygonal shapes and easier to move, while the wedges are still in place drop a heavy rock breaking it in different shapes. Next exactly as you did stand them on their edge in the order they lay on the ground. The v lines you mentioned happen naturally if two sharp square edges are placed on top of each other withought mitering or chamfering the 90degree corner, tiny movement or subsidence creates shelling effect creating the pillow effect over time. Great video, props for that, its just easier to uße the horixontal grain for such big slabs,, look how easy and thin they can cleave slate. Take care my friend👍😊
Absolute bollocks
Considering we know how the romans used hydrolic quarrey techniques this actually makes a lot of sense.dr hawass showed you can break a block of granite in a nice cube with just a sledge hammer. We have many theories as to how to lift and jack stone or heavy objects. Ideas like this one help give us another piece to a puzzle. I mean, scoring and cracking rock then busting out a wall makes a lot of sense, and if you do the initial scores along natural crack lines its just easy to pop back into place.
Hawass never explained or demonstrated anything ever…he just proclaims the “truth” usually with flimsy nonexistent reasons and suppresses anything refuting them when doubles and triples down on his assertions….thats why he won’t allow the labyrinth in Hawara to be excavated….because they know its not Egyptian and they have no explanation for it…just like at mazghuna, zawyet el aryan, and lisht!
This is a good theory. If correct, the stones should show continuous grains, intrusions, striation, etc and patterns showing they were once a single piece. But the question remains: why go to all this effort? Because it's much easier to cut stones one at a time if you aren't concerned about tight joints
LOL ,if those who created the stone work of the ancients were giants maybe. Sitting on a hill rubbing massive stones together sanding them to fit perfectly, maybe. The intellect required to imagine the design and building of such perfect architecture is astounding.
An interesting theory. I especially like your explanation of the "nubs" The problem arises when they split the rock away from the quarry. First, although most blocks would break on the scribed lines, some wouldn't. Due to internal faults, or whatever, they would be inclined to break occasionally. There's no evidence of broken blocks at the time of construction. Secondly, the side faces of separated stones typically show signs of milling or cutting. If the stones are milled after they're felled, they wouldn't fit as closely as they do. The "nubs" are generally placed regularly in similar locations on the stone, suggesting that placement was critical to their function. If their function was just to encourage the stone to break on the scribe, the location wouldn't be quite as critical. Still, it's one of the better theories I've heard! Of course, it doesn't address the larger question: how did they move them!?
The stones of the pyramid were cast. They were formworked together, as with today's concrete technology. For synthetic limestone, water glass is the binding agent, and for granite, it is the stone-crushing reagent. The excess reagent was drained at the bumps of the stones to start the bond and reuse them. Hieroglyphic writing is chemistry, which can only be understood in Hungarian..
How do you make natural granite in the way you describe? You can’t just melt the rock and let it solidify…it wouldn’t be granite anymore it would be andescitic fine grained, or something like obsidian…granite has to be buried and slowly cool to crystallize the different minerals individually…or it would look like vesicular basalt!
Dont listen to this guy. He's definitely a lizard trying to cover.