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It’s a warp 5 capable ship. They don’t actually get the engines working at that speed until halfway through the series. It’s cruising speed for most of the show is warp 4.5. The example I used is from the first episode where it’s clearly stated ‘warp 4.5, Neptune and back in 6 minutes)

@@popculturescientist I know. I’ve watched the show. It’s still Earths first warp 5 ship not warp 4.5

I stated where I got 4.5. It’s the opening scene of Enterprise. It’s a direct quote. It took half the series for them to finally get to warp 5 but they couldn’t maintain it for very long. For most of the show its cruising speed was 4.5

@@popculturescientist I mean, if you’re such a know-it-all beta, you should know that it’s called the Warp 5 engine. Don’t waste my time with a response.

Yes, I'm thinking star ships are going to have to pass through star gates to travel from one galaxy to the next ... if that is even possible. Space is too incredibly enormous and we are so small.

This is a good video that details a lot of the experiements already conducted. th-cam.com/video/nxeMoaxUpWk/w-d-xo.htmlsi=HFYRaxTlT3QBLfz-The take away is that up to 10 rpm is adaptable. This is around 7.6rpm

Motion Sickness requires that you are relative to the Earth: that External Reference frame is gone: no inner ear dysphoria is caused, only visual from the stars spinning: your to far away from the Earth: for it to cause the experience of motion. As you leave the External Reference frame that includes the Earth, you enter an inertial frame: and you are no longer spinning against the mass of the Earth, but just the mass of the ship and your orbital component, and they do not present enough gravitation to be amplified by angular momentum and the centrifugal force, as it goes missing without an external and massive body to present the change against.

While motion sickness may indeed be influenced by reference frames, the rotational speed required for artificial gravity in a centrifuge is based on physics principles rather than Earth-centric experiences. The calculated rotation aims to simulate gravity for occupants within the rotating structure, irrespective of their distance from Earth.

@@popculturescientist So: 1G on Earth is 9.81 m/s^2. It is about the same on Venus, but on Mars: 3.71 m/s^2 is 1G, and on the moon 1G is 1.62. As 1G the force output it would require to levitate any mass, and continue to increase to provide the same in a constant acceleration. Without a Planet or mass body to reference: 1G is 0. Thus there can be no Centrifugal Force to imply. Ceres has 0.27 m/s^2 as 1G, Phobos provides 0.0057 m/s^2 as 1G. So if you have the Moon Phobos at the center of your ship: you can generate a rotation force of 0.0057 m/s^2 as the 1G of Force in angular momentum generated by rotation. Now Jupiter has 24.79 m/s^2 as 1G, so you can reduce the rotation vector to simulate the same amount of Gravity as 1G would be on Earth. The Sun provides 274 m/s^2 of Gravity as 1G. So if you fly away from the Sun equivalent to 1G on Earth: and you can hold its gravity for longer. Now a Black Hole has 19 Billion m/s^2 as 1G, so you can fly away from them for a very long time and still feel their presence: of course the speed you need to fly away is proportional to distance: so it will not be useful, as it requires the acceleration be greater than light in our solar system. Once in Motion: 9.81m/s^2 sustained is 1G, as a constant acceleration to break away. Once away: you are not accelerating in reference to anything to notice the acceleration.

Centrifugal force is a 'pseudo' force but it is disntinct from centripetal force. In a rotating reference frame, objects appear to experience an outward force due to their inertia, which tries to keep them moving in a straight line. This outward force is the centrifugal force. Meanwhile, the centripetal force acts inward, towards the center of rotation, and is responsible for keeping objects moving in circular motion. Both forces are in place in a rotating system with the Centrifugal force being responsible for simulating the effect of gravity and creating the sensation of weight.

This comment is very confusing. You appear to be speaking about gravitational acceleration. The Centrifugal force does not mimic acceleration. It’s an outward force that is caused by rotation and does not require the presence of a planet

@@popculturescientist When I spin an object on the Earth: it is fighting gravity. The gravity of the Earth is transferred by momentum and moment of change acting against the Earth's Gravitational field. If you take away the planet: you are not spinning anymore: because your not spinning against anything, as the moment of change is not apparent without the point of reference the Earth provides. Dynamic equilibrium of two fluids in a container: would never return or settle into separated states if in Zero G.

We’re not talking about Earth or gravity. We are specifically speaking about Centrifugal Force

@@popculturescientist Centripetal force, yes I know. Angular Momentum needs an external point of reference to function, an external point which you rotate against or in respect to. If you only have a center point and a fixed point: it is a linear connection, and no force is found between them without another body or coordinate system it is spinning against. A centrifuge in orbit is still spinning to escape the earth's pull. If you just have the center and the external rotating point: the angular momentum does not matter as it does not exist in the closed system: if their is nothing you are spinning against, and you are not spinning against the stars: the gravitation is not relative to be a condition of a force applied. The Centripetal force is related to the mass of the object, but no mention of the mass of the center point is made, until it is used to explain planetary motion. If I am not fighting to spin against anything: if no force exists that would slow me down: I am not spinning at all in mathematical reference! The context of where the equation is used. You are losing your core as an axis and Delta Velocity: without the body of inertial reference. There is no longer an angular momentum if you do not have the external reference: as you are no longer in reference to be spinning against anything. Only when you are still falling into the Earth, as on it or above it: does your Delta Velocity have an external reference outside its own axis: to represent the spin rate. When you pull 1 G in angular Momentum: your rate of change is counted against the force of gravity: without it that force: there is no change, and thus no force can be applied: you lack the external reference to be a spinning system pulling against anything: so your rotational body does not have a force anymore. Your no are never really accelerating against the center of the axis: your accelerating against the Earth: it is an essential part of the system! If you remove the Earth: you do not have enough mass to induce any notable force.

@@popculturescientist I will not be satisfied until a satellite is sent out into deep space with a Centrifuge on board to prove that the change in angular momentum, is a change in relationship to a major gravitational center. A ship like in the Martian: would not spin: the center would spin inverse of the external section just in the opposite direction: making a net zero system. Even if the entire thing was spinning: it is not spinning against anything it is relative too: to be considered spinning. It is a matter of relativity.

Probably it was just 1g because they didn't have to go over the numbers in the book/movie. It seems likely that structures using this sort of artificial gravity would operate at less than 1g because it would greatly reduce the engineering complexity needed to make it both structurally sound and minimize disorienting effects (like gravity varying at different heights and coriolis effect). However, if the goal is to prevent body degradation from low-g, I'm not sure what kind of gravity would be required.

I agree

The force decrease along the height of a human is not enough to have any real issues. For the height of 1.57m the change in g over the height is 1 ms^-2 which won't cause any health issues, it may cause a slight change in weight senstaion but not a major one. The coriolis effect can cause disorientation however it's just a case of adapting to the environment and learing how to navigate, the same way astronauts have to learn how to move around in zero-g and in spacesuits for EVAs. I also believed they would experience dizziness but again, it's about adaptability. Studies have shown that the sensation is not extreme enough to render it and issue and that with proper training this set up is well withing the physical limitations of humans.

Earl grey?

how it does it all